Breakfast of Champions: Life With Others Essay -- Breakfast of Champio

Breakfast of Champions: Life With Others  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      For anyone who has ever wondered what the meaning of life is, it is to be the eyes and ears of the Creator of the Universe, if one believes Kurt Vonnegut's Breakfast of Champions (1973). In Breakfast of Champions the protagonist, Kilgore Trout, is a lonely science fiction writer who lives in a hole in the dredges of New York City. His only work published was "to give bulk to books and magazines of salacious pictures" ( 21). Finally catching his break, Trout is invited to the Midland City Arts Festival, home of Dwayne Hoover. Hoover, who is a wealthy car salesman, owns a share of virtually everything in Midland City. However, Hoover is on the brink of insanity at this time and is thinking that one of the artists at the festival will help him find the solution to his quest for fulfillment. Vonnegut uses characters from diverse lifestyles to develop his discouraging views of humanity. Through comical writing, Vonnegut shows how love, relationships, ideas and even gossip can have strong effects on humans and society. Sometimes people don't realize the effects of words on other people. In Breakfast of Champions, Dwayne Hoover comes to this realization the hard way. Already having a bad day, Hoover runs into one of his employees named Harry. Not too fond of the way Harry dresses, feeling he is too bland, Hoover addresses him. "Harry, why don't you get a bunch of cotton waste from Vern Garr, soak it in Blue Suncoe* and burn up your f-cking wardrobe?" (46). Later in the chapter, he ridicules Harry's appearance again. "I have some news for you: modern science has given us a whole lot of wonderful colors, with strange, exciting names like red!, orange!, green!, and pink!"(48)... ...54). Hoover got up from the table to go on a eleven person beating rampage which included: his son Bunny, mistress Francine and Kilgore Trout. "It shook up Trout to realize that even he could bring evil into the world-- in the form of bad ideas" (15). Due to Hoover, Trout realized how powerful his words were, went on to win the Nobel Prize for medicine. Trout and Hoover's derogatory comments and unthoughtful actions served to discourage and devastate people's lives around them. The satirical comedy which the novel is perceived by the reader makes it humorous, but as the story unfolds it becomes depressing. There is a sense of truth in Vonnegut's disturbing view of humanity. The road of life is set out for people to travel, being careful of ones actions will make it less bumpy. Work Cited Vonnegut , Kurt. Breakfast of Champions. Dell Publishing Co. 1973

Cultural Impacts of the Civil Rights Act Essay

Until the eighteenth century Civil Rights and Liberty’s were taken advantage of as a American. Observation in our judicial system cited within the paper suggest that our civil rights in America has improved and continue to evolve to this day. Cultural Impacts of American Civil Rights laws In recent years, a great deal has gone into fair treatment of all. As history serves, there was a great civil rights activist that fought for fair treatment of all, one man in particular goes by the name of Martin Luther king jr. The implications of our culturally induced melting pot of a nation proceeded with immense struggles that carry on today. Are we (Americans) culturally desensitized or are we culturally aware? United States of America is one of the most culturally injected nations that stand for freedom and democracy. Our civil rights is the key to or success as a great nation. Find Law defined our civil right by giving rights of individuals to receive equal treatment (and to be free from unfair treatment or â€Å"discrimination†) in a number of settings — including education, employment, housing, and more — and based on certain legally-protected characteristics(â€Å"FindLaw†, 2009). According to Find Law, Civil Rights could also be described as the advancement of equality for all people regardless of race, sex, age, disability, national origin, religion, or certain other characteristics(â€Å"FindLaw,2009). President Abraham Lincoln is one of the first to create a civil right document called the Emancipation Proclamation, this document freed the first slaves that were in the states that were fighting in the civil war, eventually the thirteens amendment freed all slaves. Other example are (CNN, 2007): 1868 The 14th Amendment, which requires equal protection under the law to all persons, is ratified. 1870 The 15th Amendment, which bans racial discrimination in voting, is ratified 1948 President Truman issues an executive order outlawing segregation in the U.S. military Civil rights seemed to be focused on race discrimination but that is not he case. It also covers sex, religion, and pregnancy discrimination, just to name a few. Racial discrimination is defined as unfair treatment of a person because of the color of there skin or race. In one case according to Jet, a 37-year-old black woman sued Life Care Service Corp. Anita Holt filed the suit because the executives at LCSC would not review her application for promotion because â€Å"Placing a black in a administrative position would be considered to great of a business risk†. The company settled out of court with Anita Holt. They payed her $415,000 and they wrote a letter to it’s employees about how they made a error in judgement and in practice, along with overhauling there employment and promotion practices. Sex (gender) discrimination included in Title VII, is when a act of discrimination occurs when a person is treated unfairly or different because of there gender. This type of situation could occur in: Education- Excluding people from programs based on gender. Sports- Salary, scholastic, athletic discrimination. Military- Women banned from special operations, infantry, armor and artillery. Home- Boys cut the grass and girl cook and wash dishes. One of the main reasons why we have sex discrimination is because of our cultural outlook that is instilled in us from generation to generation and from birth to death. This has also has spread to our media; we see men on Tv playing the rough and tough rolls and women playing to clean and adorable roll. Religious discrimination involves â€Å"treating a person unfavorably because of his or her religious beliefs†,(EEOC,2010) this also violates Title VII of the civil rights act which was amended and added 1972. This type of discrimination happens quite often in the workplace. All employers are required to try to accommodate there workers religious practices. In the Navy, when going through basic training, they give one day a week for individuals that want to practice there religious right. This doesn’t always happen in all cases as it should. In march 2006 a Queens Midtown Tunnel employee by the name of Gregory fisherman filed a compliant against his boss. He complained because his boss denied him of promotion and penalized him for taking sick days because he is Jewish(Lawsuit financial corp,2009). He proved his case by hearing his supervisor use a curse word before they called him a jew which was his basis for claim. By getting that 51% of the jury to believe Mr. Fisherman, he was awarded $735,000. In another case, a restaurant called Sorrano’s Mexican Restaurant was sued in 2002 by Terra Neave(manager)for not accommodating to religious belief. She led a bible study after work and two of her subordinates attended. According to company policy manager are not suppose to socialize with subordinates,to prevent sexual harassment. The company offered to transfer her to another location, she refused and continued to lead bible study with her subordinates. With this type of substantial evidence she lost the case. In these two cases our rights were upheld and justice was served according to our civil rights laws(Luci Scott, Jan 2009). Pregnancy discrimination according to U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is â€Å"discrimination involves treating a woman unfavorably because she is pregnant,child birth, or medical condition related to pregnancy or child birth†. In 2009 there were 6,196 cases filed for pregnancy discrimination and 5,594 had resolutions according to EEOC & FEPAs. In 2009 the International House of Pancake lost a pregnancy discrimination lawsuit. Jennifer Beck a former IHOP employee was terminated because she was pregnant and they also failed to meet there legal obligation to answer her complaint. According to (Chain Leader 2009): IHOP had to pay her â€Å"$28,478 in back pay plus six percent annum from the date of her termination. Reinstate her to the next available position and pay her $437 a week until she accepts or reject any offer or one year passes Reimburse her $20 for travel expenses This is a very high price to pay in a recession, not only because of the money but there representation to the world as a restaurant chain. As we can see, as a nation we will continue to fight and legislate for our rights and civil liberties as our forefathers did. Starting with President Abraham Lincoln in 1776 in which he declared in the Declaration of Independence, that â€Å"We hold these truths to be self evident: That all men are created equal†. That statement paved to way for Jennifer Beck, Anita Holt, and countless others can enjoy what America has to offer. References Withy Law. A Short History of American Civil Right Law. Retrieved April 10, 2010, from http://www.withylaw.com/history.htm InfoPlease, Civil Rights Time Line. Milestones in Modern Civil Rights Movements. Retrieved April 10, 2010, from http://www.infoplease.com/spot/civilrightstimeline1.html Public Find Law, Civil Rights:Law and History, Gender(Sex) Discrimination Basics, Retrieved April 11, 2010, from http://public.findlaw.com/civil-rights/civil-rights-basics/civil-rights-history.html,http://public.findlaw.com/civil-rights/gender-discrimination/gender-discrimination-basics.html U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Race and Color Discrimination, Pregnancy Discrimination, Religious Discrimination, Retrieved April 13, 2010 from http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/types/religion.cfm http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/types/race_color.cfm http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/types/pregnancy.cfm Iris:A Journal about Women(September 2002). AccessMyLibrary, Women and the Military, Retrieved April 13, 2010 from http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-95612707/women-and-military-sex.html Bello, M. Lawsuit financial corp. $735,00 Verdict Awrded in Religious Discrimination Case-Law Suit Finance Candidate. Retrieved Apri 14, 2010 from http://www.lawsuitfinanceblog.com/2008/08/735000_verdict_awarded_in_reli_1.html Scott, L.(2009) Serrano’s wins in religious discrimination case. Retrieved from http://www.azcentral.com/community/chandler/articles/2009/01/21/20090121cr-serrano0121.html Chain Leader(2009) IHOP Franchisee Loses Pregnancy Discrimination Case. Retrieved from

Who is liable?

This situation is full of negligence .So let’s start from the very beginning.â€Å"Bobby and Rachel were playing basketball on the school playground with a brand new backboard and rim built and installed by ACE Sports†. So this new equipment was installed by ACE Sports and this is their fault that Bobby was injured. If an accident is caused by a defective product, the manufacturer and seller of the product are both liable even if the injured person doesn't know which one was careless in creating or allowing the defect, or exactly how the defect happened.Also they were playing at the school playground, so the school authorities should stick to the security rules, and check school equipments. As we can see Rachel was also a â€Å"good† example of negligence, she wasn’t aware of the first aid rules and this is the fault of the school. She even didn’t have any idea to take Bobby to the school First Aid Box .As it known   The Health and Safety (First A id) Regulations, 1981, placed a general duty on the University to make adequate First Aid provision for all employees should they be injured or become ill at work.Each School and/or building is therefore required to provide:  a number of properly stocked First Aid Boxes appropriate to the risks of accidents or injuries that could arise from school activities and to place these boxes in the care of an Appointed Person or qualified First Aider;  access to the services of one or more qualified First Aiders as appropriate to the work of the School (Area);   notices giving the names and locations of the qualified First Aiders, Appointed Persons and the locations of the First Aid Boxes.The increased risk of injuries in recent years has made us all the more sensitive of the need for clear communication with youth and parents or legal guardians, for appropriate supervision for all activities, and proper maintenance of our facilities to reduce the possibility of accidental injury. The term â€Å"risk management† is often used to describe efforts to minimize possible injuries to those who are in care.A teacher’s duty of care also relates to the quality of instruction or training provided to the students. Regulation 298 requires teachers to â€Å"be responsible for effective instruction, training and evaluation of the progress of pupils in the subjects assigned to the teacher.†Ineffective instruction and training can cause serious harm to students, especially to those participating in activities that have the potential to place them at risk. When planning courses and activities for students, educators should consider what needs to be done to reduce risks of liability. Teachers must make every effort to address such crucial issues as the degree of supervision required, the instruction and training needed to permit the students to function properly, and the condition of the equipment to be used. So Rachel had no experience at all in this aria.The next element of negligence: â€Å"When they arrived at City General hospital, Bobby was immediately seen by a nurse who gave a large towel to Bobby.   Nurse Williams told Bobby to put pressure on the cut while she tried to get a hold of his parents.† As we can see even the nurse didn’t provide right first aid. Instead of towel she should give special bandage:   â€Å"Individually Wrapped Triangular Bandages (preferably sterile): can be used as a pad to stop bleeding, as a sterile covering for large injuries such as burns, as a bandage, or to make a sling.† So we can judge her for the negligence because a person can be considered negligent whenever he or she had a duty to act carefully and failed to do so. She failed not only provide first aid but also she made him to wait, instead of giving him certain treatment.Unfortunately this hospital shows us that a great part of its staff failed in their duty: Dr. Andrews, a surgeon who was going to have a lunch and sent him to make an x-rate, then ten minutes later, Nurse Williams who told Bobby to go to the x-ray department, Johnny, the x-ray technologist who took some x-rays and sent Bobby back. So let’s turn to the STATE (TORT) LIABILITY LAW.There are three types of torts under state law, each with different levels of proof and focusing upon different elements of the injury or damage. Evidence rules, precedent, and judicial discretion play a role in determining what type of tort law will be applied.NEGLIGENCE — In this case, intent or mental state do not matter. What matters is whether some inadvertent act or failure to act created an unreasonable risk to another member of society. (Examples: speeding resulting in traffic accident; not responding to 911 call) Most states have three levels of negligence: (1) slight or mere (absence of foresight); (2) gross (reckless disregard) this is our case and (3) criminal. To be prosecuted under tort law for negligence usually requires at least level 2 since to be prosecuted for mere negligence requires considering foresee ability which would support charging the person with an intentional tort or not.Examples of gross negligence or accumulations of mere negligence constitute deliberate indifference.   This standard is usually satisfied by looking at whether or not the agency administration engaged in supervisory negligence. Virtually every decision a police administrator makes subjects them to possible liability. There are examples of supervisory negligence and our case relates to them:Failure to treat – also a liability of officers and jail manager; not providing first aid, ambulance service, or counselling (given the foresee ability of suicide); Negligent entrustment ;Negligent assignment ;Failure to direct ;Failure to discipline; Failure to investigate ;Failure to protect ;Negligent classification etc.Negligence, according to Sr. Mary Angela Shaughnessy, S.C.N., J.D., is the most common of all lawsuits f iled against educators. Negligence is an unintentional act or omission, which results in injury. Due to the fact that negligence is unintentional, a person charged with negligence is generally not going to face criminal charges but monetary charges (Shaughnessy, 1996, pp.8-9).So I also can state that we deal with not only simple, everyday negligence but with Legal negligence. Legal negligence must include four elements. If any of these elements is missing, legal negligence cannot be found. The four elements of negligence are:Duty †¢ Violation of duty †¢ Proximate cause †¢ InjuryOur case has all this elements.The person charged with negligence must have had a responsibility or a duty in the situation. Injuries that occur at a place or time where the person does not have responsibility does not constitute liability. Violation of duty means that the person charged with negligence was not engaged in the responsibility or duty. Accidents can happen even with proper supervi sion but there is no negligence if there is no violation of duty. And as we can see the violation of duty had a great deal in this case.Now I can state that I have entirely evaluated the potential liability (tort or otherwise) of the various parties in this case.SOURCES1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Police Liability Concerning Human Rights2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kappeler, V. (1993). Critical Issues in Police Civil Liability. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.

Analysis of ‘‘The Lifeguard’’ by Mary Morris Essay

‘‘The Lifeguard’’ by Mary Morris is a short story that focusses on change over time. A lifeguard accustomed to be the lord of all he surveys and with a big self-esteem, has a rude awakening when he proves deficient in the first aid needed to save a toddler, Becky, on the beach. The author demonstrates that we realise what we have only when a shattering event occurs. Trough characterization, foreshadowing and symbolism, Morris infers that once we realise what we have, it’s too late. The character outlook of what he sees has clearly changed from the beginning to the end of the story. At first, the lifeguard saw the beach just as a way of being seen and appreciated by the girls and envied by the other man. He was narcissistic, ‘‘Girls clung to my stand, [†¦] and I could do no wrong’’ (p.98) and the way he was always talking about how much he loved his body, and it made him lose the real reason why he was at the beach. He wanted to be admired by people on the beach. But when a child almost died in his arm because he was not really aware of what was going on near him and his incapacity to save Becky started to bother him. So he went to Mrs. Lovenheim’s house, where he realised something profound on the emptiness of his live. He thought he had all what he wanted, but the most important was missing, true love. This reality changed his perception of life as he said: ‘’I’ve never seen the water and the umbrellas of summer in the same way again’’ (p.105). Mrs. Lovenheim made him fall into despair as she left him at the doorstep, him, the lifeguard who had a tremendous self-confidence. Ric Spencer acted as a foreshadowing character. He clearly missed the time where he was lifeguard. As soon as he could, he was going close to Josh to talk about the old time when he used to be lifeguard. Ric often gave advices to Josh to always be careful, because only a split second of distraction and a bad event, like the drowning of Billy Mandel, can happens. Ric was always there to tell the principal character ‘‘You don’t know what you’ve got’’, ‘‘You don’t know how lucky you are’’ (p.101), because the older man realised the chance he had to be lifeguard and because it is at about the age of Josh that h e could choose a job he would have love more. So he is often telling Josh to enjoy while staying careful, because he knows you won’t always have the perfect job and that an accident has bad consequence. When Becky almost died, it completely gave full meaning to Ric’s words. It is as if Josh hit a wall. This has ruined his summer. He should have listened to many advices given by his former lifeguard instead of laughing of him. Mrs. Lovenheim was represented as a symbol superiority of throughout the story. As it progresses, he kept on talking about how Mrs. Lovenheim was always looking at him. It made him proud; otherwise he would not have talked about her all along the story. For him, the fact that this women was looking at him was a proof that he was admired by other people on the beach, that he was superior to people around him. But when the savior of Becky did not recognized ‘‘It suddenly occurred to me that she had no idea who I was, that she’d never really seen me at all’’. So he thought he was the real king of the beach, but this made him realised he had all wrong. Maybe all what he saw was wrong, maybe all he described was false. Therefore, what he had taken for granted was no longer what it was the day before. He may have to consider everything under another perspective. But the point is that Mrs. Lovenheim was used to be the symbol of admiration he wanted, but as h e saw she barely knew him, his world rocked. In conclusion, Mary Morris displays that we must enjoy what we have while we have it, because if we lose it, it can be on your mind for long time, and you may regret not to have taken good times out of it. The author has been able to illustrate it through his usage of characterization, foreshadowing and symbolism. The author showed why it is important to take care of what we have, because a little nothing can make us lose it all.

Nonwestern Literature Essay

Modern literature does not show the extent to which literature has come. Medieval forms of literature reflected an unprecedented level of purity and originality. A study of the similarities and dissimilarities between cultures reveals the exchange of ideology that occurred many centuries ago. This gives weight to the assertion that modern forms of literature from different regions of the world once shared certain characteristics. It should not get assumed that the different forms of literature arose from the same inspiration. Rather, the varying types of literature occurred separately. However, due to improvements in technology and communication, forms of literature have become similar over time. An in-depth look at Egyptian, Indian, and Chinese literatures highlights this clearly. China and India, as countries from the East, have a winding, rich, and spectacular literary tradition. The exchange of literary accomplishments between the two nations has never ceased even until modern times. The primary groundwork for such an exchange became established through the introduction of Buddhism into China. As a result of this introduction, Indian literature began imparting nourishment to its Chinese counterpart. Thus, Chinese literature adopted plenty of influences from Indian literature. Resulting effects on Chinese literature have manifested themselves in aspects of aesthetic tendency, form, subject, rhetoric and vocabulary. In ancient times, Buddhism served as the key medium for Chinese-Indian literary exchanges. Chinese literature has become more and more influenced by Indian literature in recent times due to the assimilation of Buddhist influences. Nevertheless, the extent and nature of the literary exchange between India and China has become two-sided and complementary in recent times. There exist similarities and differences between Chinese and Indian literature. In both Chinese and Indian literature, the form of literature gets classified as primarily oral. In both Chinese and Indian literatures, extensive written forms of literature appeared in later periods compared to the emergence of oral forms of literature. In both Chinese and Indian literature, the emergence of written forms of literature arose due to the spread of literacy programs pioneered by the ruling authorities in both countries. Also, both Indian and Chinese literatures have different forms of literature contributing to the overall state of literature in the respective countries. Moreover, both Indian and Chinese literatures have experienced changes due to modern influences from the western world. On the other hand, a few differences arise between Chinese and Indian literature. Chinese literature has always gotten expression through only one language. This has remained true for the over 3000 years which the Chinese civilization has existed. On the contrary, Indian literature has experienced segmentation due to the presence of numerous languages within India. The Indian culture has officially recognized 22 languages and among these languages, 21 of them have establishes their own unique forms of literature. Indian literature has gotten influence from the various traditions that have governed over the country. Throughout its history, various family traditions have dictated the nature of ownership over the country. In turn, the varying styles of ownership have had an unmistakable effect on the types of literature. Thus, different ownership periods as demarcated by family traditions have different kinds of literature. Conversely, various dynasties throughout the whole period of its sovereign existence have ruled China. This has led to the classification of types of literature based on the particular dynasty that ruled the country at the time of the emergence of the literature. These dynasties include Zhou, Qin, Han, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing. During the existence of all these dynasties, various forms of literature have arisen. For instance, early woodblock and poetry became embraced during the Tang dynasty while novels gained prominence during the Ming dynasty. Chinese and Egyptian literatures share many points of reference. Both forms of literature began experiencing formative influences before the Common Era. Egyptian literature has its roots in ancient Egyptian culture. Along with Sumerian literature, ancient Egyptian literature gets classified as the one of the earliest forms of literature. In both forms of literature, the ownership periods played a key role towards the definition and classification of different types of literature. Both Chinese and Egyptian forms of literature have pioneered forms of writing, which had not existed earlier. Egyptian literature gave rise to hieroglyphics. Also, the writing of blurbs began in the 14th century Egyptian times. The writing of blurbs thus emerged as a key component of literary writing in the contemporary world. Both forms of literature have allowed the influence of different forms of literature from other countries. Egyptian literature became molded by the influx of foreign poets who flocked the town of Alexandria. These poets originated from Greece and Rome. They immigrated to Alexandria so as to utilize the library facility in the town. As a result of their extended stay in Egypt, the poets began expressing their literature in Arabic language. Inevitably, the existing literature within Egypt became fused with the literature brought by the European poets. The infiltration and influence of Indian Buddhism has played a prominent role in the shaping the Chinese literature toward adopting Indian connotations. Meditation has become a key component of Chinese literature unlike previous times. This lays testament to the fact that Indian Buddhism has left an indelible mark on Chinese literature. In Chinese literature, the initial form of literature consisted primarily of oral forms. Written forms of literature appeared during later periods of civilization. This stands in stark contrast to Egyptian literature, which has the autobiography as its oldest form. Egyptian literature got expressed in papyrus reeds. These provided the writing material on which ancient Egyptian writers would record their literary works. Also, Egypt invented calligraphy, which emerged as a key means of writing during that era. Chinese literature has received influence primarily stemming from the ruling influences within the country. The dynasties that have exercised governorship over the country have molded the types of literature within China. In contrast, Egyptian literature has experienced influences stemming from external sources. The conquering of Egypt by Muslim Arabs had a major impact on the literature in Egypt. Libraries became established and literature thrived. Papyrus reeds became replaced by cloth paper as writing surfaces. Another difference between Egyptian and Chinese literature appears when it comes to the overriding motive behind the change in literature. In Chinese literature, the changes undertaken in literature have occurred involuntarily and with the noble aim of improving the Chinese culture. On the other hand, changes in Egyptian literature have become implemented for the sole purpose of embracing Islam. The majority of Egyptian literature back in medieval times consisted of wisdom literature. This shows that the wider number of Egyptian literary works got written mainly for instruction and guidance. Such instruction recognizes the social format of life that exists in Egypt. Family values take the first place in Egypt. As a result, the forms of literature within the country give precedence to the values honored by families. However, the majority of forms of literature written in China became formulated for the purpose of entertainment. This arises due to the communal nature of the Chinese culture. Hence, the forms of literature become designed in such a way as to amuse and thereby engender a sense of togetherness within the community. ?Egyptian and Indian literatures have stunning similarities and glaring differences. The bulk of both Egyptian and Indian literatures bears literature intended for instruction. Both Egyptian and Indian cultures recognize the supremacy of family values. Thus, the literature of both countries became formulated with the intention of providing the families with instructive information regarding family life. Indian folklore and Egyptian folklore combined as key elements towards the formation of storytelling formats. Both Indian and Egyptian literatures have become molded for the purpose of accommodating religious beliefs. Literature in Egypt has evolved with the passage of time as it becomes more permissible to the Islamic faith and body of beliefs. Since Islam has gained wide acclaim as the state religion, the form of literature within Egypt has sought to reflect this truth in its form. This has endeavored to avoid hurting the religiously-trained consciences of Egyptians. In India, religion has had a major impact towards the changes that have occurred in Indian literature. India plays host to majority of the world’s most populous forms of faith. Buddhism alone has had an understated effect on the form of Indian literature. The prevalence of meditation techniques within Egyptian literature gives evidence of the extent of Buddhist influence.? However, a few differences exist between Indian and Egyptian literatures. Egyptian literature had its beginnings much earlier than Indian literature. This necessarily makes Egyptian literature richer than Indian literature. The superior quality of Egyptian literature becomes apparent through a sober consideration of the genres that have gotten invented due to Egyptian literature. Indian literature has become classified in terms of tradition due to the ideologies that have governed the country. In the contrary, Egyptian literature has always manifested their Islamic inclinations. Also, Egyptian literature received notable influence from European poets while India has risen to become the source of poetic influence to other countries like China. The history of Egyptian literature had its beginnings in ancient Egypt. The River Nile had a massive influence on the development of Egyptian literature. The town of Alexandria served as a major confluence for the emergence of literary influences. This happened because of the presence of the Library of Alexandria. This library served as hubs for poets originating from Greece and Rome, which served as key world powers in that time. The influence of these foreign poets had an unprecedented effect on Egyptian literature. Beginning from the period of the tyrannical Pharaohs until the conclusion of the Roman Empire’s rulership, ancient Egyptian literature got expresses in Egyptian language. Ancient Egyptian literature gains recognition as the world’s earliest form of literature along with other genres like Sumerian literature.? However, forms of writing in ancient Egypt did not surface until the late periods of the 4th century. This included both hieratic and hieroglyphic forms of writing. At some time before the modern era, the available literary works included epistles and letters, texts, hymns and poems, and memorials. These biographical texts got penned so as to document the professional lives of noteworthy administrative marshals. These developments notwithstanding, narrative forms of Egyptian literature became created in late periods of the 17th century BC. The formation of narrative forms sparked a media revolution in the whole of Egypt. Such a revolution occurred due to various factors. The unprecedented rise in literacy levels played a primary role for the revolution. Other factors included widespread access to written literature, rise of an intellectual class of scribes, new cultural sensibilities about individuality, unprecedented levels of literacy, and mainstream access to written materials.? The history and tradition of Indian literature primarily features verse though it also seems fundamentally oral. The earliest works became composed for the purpose of getting sung or recited. In this raw form, they became transmitted throughout a number of generations before getting written down as permanent recordings. As a result of this belated recording, the earliest records of a text appear later by several millenniums than the stated date of its initial composition. Furthermore, probably because the majority of Indian literature appears as either religious or as a reworking of common stories from the Sanskrit tales, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, and the mythological writings, the authors often maintain their anonymity. Biographical components and details of the lives of the majority of the earlier Indian authors appear only in much later myths and legends. In medieval Indian literature, the earliest works in many of the languages were sectarian, designed to advance or to celebrate some unorthodox regional. Much traditional Indian literature is derived in theme and form not only from Sanskrit literature but from the Buddhist and Jain texts written in the Pali language and the other Prakrits (medieval dialects of Sanskrit). This applies to literature in the Dravidian languages of the south as well as to literature in the Indo-Iranian languages of the north. Invasions of Persians and Turks, beginning in the 14th century, resulted in the influence of Persian and Islamic culture in Urdu, although important Islamic strands can be found in other literatures as well, especially those written in Bengali, Gujarati, and Kashmiri. After 1817, entirely new literary values were essay, and literary drama (this last incorporating both classical Sanskrit and Western models)—that gradually engulfed the customary Indian verse genres. Urdu poets remained faithful to the old forms while Bengalis were imitating such English poets as Percy Bysshe Shelley or T. S. Eliot.? The history of ? Chinese literature extends for thousands of years. This started from the earliest recorded dynastic court archives to the mature fictional novels that arose during the Ming Dynasty. These mature fictional novels became penned for the sake of entertaining the masses of literate Chinese citizens. To various Westerners, Chinese literature remains hugely unexplored in comparison to the rich state of the Chinese culture. As a matter of fact, it is a treasure of a very considerable number of brilliant and profound works as each dynasty, in the long history of China, has passed down its legacy of magnificent events and works. For 3500 years, they have woven a variety of genres and forms encompassing poetry, essays, fiction and drama; each in its own way reflecting the social climate of its day through the high spirit of art. Chinese literature has its own values and tastes, its own reigning cultural tradition and its own critical system of theory. Chronologically, it can be divided into four main periods: classical, modern, contemporary, and the present-age literature. Classical literature refers to the earliest period and covers works from three thousand years ago to the late Qing Dynasty and is a virtually unbroken strand enduring dynastic changes. Since it was nearly always developed under the reign of centralized and unified government, it is imbued with the thoughts of a culture that embraced slavery and a feudal society. It was steeped in an enclosed environment that hardly had any real links with religion or least of all the literature of foreign cultures. ? Modern Literature refers to the period from the Opium War in 1840 to the May Fourth Movement in 1919. As the decadent reign of the Qing failed to inspire the minds of people, the literary forms had remained unchanged; till the Opium War in 1840. Then they absorbed the impact of western thoughts as foreigners poured in China and established their colonies. Novels, poetry and other works began to appear with a theme of patriotism and a revelation of social ills. Contemporary literature spanned the period from 1919 to the foundation of modern in 1949 and took on a new vigor, despite the fact that Chinese was in the throes of checkered and complicated times. This period was distinctive as it brought into being a new and revised literary language, form, content and skills allowing it to evolve into an independent and open art available to the whole of society. It attached great attention to people’s lives and a future with strong political tendencies. Influenced by the tide of the world literature, it provided wide and amiable communication between writers and readers. Present-Age literature has evolved since the establishment of the People’s Republic in 1949. During this time, there was a logjam as a consequence of the Cultural Revolution that lasted for nearly 10 years. That era is now long past and we now have a favorable turn on events and a great number of responsible writers deepen the literary forms and content. Nowadays literature prospers. As the Chinese nation is a racial mix of Han people together with 55 other ethnic groups, literature reflects this. The various ethnic groups have contributed greatly in this field.? China stands as the only country worldwide with a mono-language literature for over 3,000 years. This continuity comes from the nature of the written language itself. It is the use of characters, not letters as in Western languages, that is, most important in the Chinese language. The characters stand for things or ideas and so, unlike groups of letters, they cannot and need never get sounded. Thus Chinese could be read by people in all parts of the country in spite of gradual changes in pronunciation, the emergence of regional and local dialects, and modification of the characters. A revolution held in China marked the dynasties whereby a clan ruled over an empire. Inevitably, the significant change of Chinese society that occurred with the change of government invariably led to an alteration of literature. Thus, Chinese literature gradually became westernized and Classical language got absolved from utilization. The national government desired for women to enjoy equal privileges like men. This clamor for an equal status in society resulted in plenty of women writers and scholars. As a result, the amount of politically oriented literature doubled. Academicians got unrestrained access to literature from foreign countries while plenty of students received scholarships so as to study abroad. The New Culture Movement became disbanded and writers endeavored to blaze the trail in transforming China into a modern industrialized nation. Writers also intended to replace Confucian life-style with a modern, westernized one. Under the leadership of the national government, there existed some freedom of expression. During that period of relative freedom, lots of different views and styles of literature became widely popular. But at the moment China came under attack from Japan, the resulting Communist victory led to the curtailing of former freedoms. For instance, only literature that met the approval of the government became allowed. Egyptian literature has also experienced plenty of changes due to interaction with western cultures. The expansion of the international market has necessitated the presence of many foreigners within Egyptian soil. As a result of such mingling, Egyptian literature has become influenced by western attitudes and notions. India has become a key player in the Commonwealth of Nations movement. Inevitably, it has become the focal point for conducting business within Asia. Thus, Indian literature has adopted other cultures. Buddhism has also become part and parcel of the literature of many other countries. This highlights the exchange that has undoubtedly occurred between Indian literature and other forms of literature. REFEREENCES Allen, James P. (2000), Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.? Foster, John Lawrence (2001), Ancient Egyptian Literature: An Anthology, Austin: University of Texas Press.? K, Kripalani (1970). Modern Indian Literature.? Knight, Sabina (2012). Chinese Literature : A Very Short Introduction. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, Very Short Introductions Series.? Levy, Andre (2000). Chinese Literature, Ancient and Classical. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.? Lichtheim, Miriam (2006), Ancient Egyptian Literature: Volume II: The New Kingdom, with a new foreword by Hans-W. Fischer-Elfert, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.? M. , Winternitz. (1973) . A History of Indian Literature.? Mair, Victor H. (2001). The Columbia History of Chinese Literature. New York: Columbia University Press.? T. , W. , Clark. (1970). The Novel in India.? Quirke, S. (2004), Egyptian Literature 1800 BC, questions and readings, London: Golden House Publications.

Basket Exercise Essay Example for Free

Basket Exercise Essay Georgina Ryan, HR Director SUBJECT: Speaking engagement next week Ms. Williams, Mr. Armstrong has been transferred to a new location, earlier than expected. My apologies, however, if you would allow me to fill in for Mr. Armstrong, I would be honored to address the Business Club It is common for a large number of calls to come in all at once. When this happens, the customer relations–contact employee is supposed to take the customer’s phone number and get back to him or her within an hour. We’ve found in the past that this is a reasonable target since, after a big rush of calls, things usually settle down for a while. But when we check up on the contact employees, we find that they get back to the customer within an hour only about one-third of the time. Sometimes they don’t get back to the customer until the next day! I sent a memo to all contact employees about a month ago reminding them of the importance of prompt responses on their parts, but it did very little good. We need a training program from your department to improve this critical performance area. Can we get together early next week? MEMO TO: Ralph Herzberg, Manager of Customer Relations From: Georgina Ryan, HR Director. New Training Program Ralph, we will definitely have to address this situation. Let me get with my training program administrator and work out a training session/schedule for your department. I will get back with you on a date and time for next week. Basket Exercise. (2018, Oct 25).

Sex education at high school in Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sex education at high school in Canada - Essay Example According to McKay, et al, (1998, p123) the Canadian parents have failed miserably in educating their children, about sexuality, a situation that denies teenagers the power to make informed decisions on matters related to their sexuality. In a world that technology is advancing at an unprecedented rate, teenagers often get misguided information about sex on social networks and from pornographic sites, a situation that makes them vulnerable to early sexual experimentation. This exposure has resulted to high incidents of teenage pregnancies, infection by sexually transmitted diseases and other negative consequences such as dropping out of school and other reproductive health problems (Caims and Hiebert, 1994, p227). Sex education should be introduced in Canadian high schools to protect the teenagers from sexual related problems and enhance their personal safety. A study conducted by Geasler et al(1995, p 173) established that most Canadian parents entrusted educational institutions to provide sex health education to empower the adolescents with relevant knowledge such as personal safety, importance of abstinence and reproduction.