The Korean Divide essays

The Korean Divide articles North Korea and South Korea was once one nation consolidated. That changed not long after World War II. Since the Soviet Union controlled North Korea it was for the most part Communist. North and South Korea were isolated on the 38th equal line. The United States controlled South Korea so it was for the most part equitable. The Korean War started on June 25, 1950, when troops from Communist-governed North Korea attacked South Korea. The Korean War was the main war where a world association, the United Nations (UN), assumed a military job. The UN felt that the intrusion was an infringement of universal harmony, and requested that the Communists pull back from South Korea. After North Korea continued battling the UN requested that its part countries help South Korea with military assistance. Sixteen nations sent soldiers to South America and 41 different nations sent military gear, food, and different supplies. China battled in favor of North Korea, and the USSR gave military hardware toward the North Koreans. North Korea attacked South Korea in light of the fact that there was a difference between the two nations. The UN General Assembly advised Korea to hold races all through the whole nation. The decisions were to pick one government for the whole nation. The Soviet Union contradicted this thought and would not allow races in North Korea. On May 10, 1947, the individuals of South Korea chose a national get together. The get together decided to set up the Republic of Korea. On September 9, North Korean Communists built up the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea. At the point when both North and South asserted the whole nation, their soldiers impacted. North Korea had around 135,000 warriors in their military. The majority of the officers battled for China or the Soviet Union in WWII. North Korea had numerous focal points over the South Korean Army. The North had planes, gunnery, and tanks. South Korea had around 95,000 officers, hardly any planes or overwhelming weapons, and abdominal muscle ... <!

Slavery and Paternalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Bondage and Paternalism - Essay Example The official framework was additionally not a decision for captives to depend on for help as they had no official rights. Douglass expressed his story when he was a slave. He announces numerous terrible demonstrations submitted by the slaveholders in Talbot County (his origination). Douglass proclaims that in Talbot County killing or rebuffing a slave isn't considered as uncommon or hostile. He further clarifies the narrative of a slaveholder who executes two of his slaves and in spite of his statement of the two homicides neither one of the anyone put him in prison, nor made any move against him. Douglass gave some more instances of such loathsome passings of slaves for their minor errors. He expressed the tale of his own cousin who was beaten cruelly by a woman with an oak stick since he nodded off while viewing the woman's kid. Such cruel and loathsome conduct and awful homicide of a slave should have been seen and sent for some arrangement however this astonishing homicide didn't appear to be sufficient to make a move against the woman. One more revelation was that an old slave of Colonel Lloyd was shot since he infringed erroneously onto private land. The executioner visited Colonel Lloyd to explain what happened and the whole issue settled down. Douglass pronounces calm appallingly and remorsefully that 1it merited a half-penny to execute a 'nigger,' and a half-penny to cover one. Chapter 4, pg. 69 Douglass can't help contradicting the explanation that the slaveholders deal with their slaves from their introduction to the world till their demise and he additionally declined that slaves have any sort of opportunity. As he announces, 2The murmur that my lord was my dad, could possibly be valid; and, valid or bogus, it is of yet little result to my motivation while the reality stays, in the entirety of its glaring malice, that slaveholders have appointed, and by law built up, that the offspring of slave ladies will in all cases follow the state of their moms; and this is done also clearly to direct to their own desires, and make a delight of their fiendish wants productive just as pleasurable; for by this shrewdness game plan, the slaveholder, in cases not a couple, continues to his slave the twofold connection of ace and father. Chapter 1, pg. 49 Douglass expressed the entire time of his subjection in torment and didn't care for the principles that were simply for the slaveholders. He needed to escape from this despicable and horrible County where the slaves were not considered as individuals. He detested the practices of slaveholders with their slaves. The announcement of Douglass further focuses toward the mercilessness and dread of the white men (slaveholders). 3A single word from the white men was sufficient against every one of our desires, supplications, and pleas to divide everlastingly the dearest companions, dearest related, and most grounded attaches known to people. Chapter 8, pg. 90 To help his contention he gave numerous instances of murders submitted by the experts and their savagery even because of the minor errors. Colonel Lloyd had a great deal of slaves that he doesn't remember them all and they don't all remember him. It is expressed that one day as Colonel Lloyd was out traveling; he gets together a slave and asks him about his lord. As the slave answers that he has a place with Colonel Lloyd, he asks the slave if his lord deals with him. The slave, ignorant of

Rediscovering Virginia Woolf

Rediscovering Virginia Woolf I dont remember the first time I heard of Virginia Woolf, nor do I remember when I decided to read her. I do remember reading  A Room of Ones Own  sometime in high school and being blown away. I had heard that phrase, that a woman needs a room of her own, but never thought about it much. When I read her book, it all made sense; it all came together. Her ideas seemed so simple, so logical but she was ahead of her time. I gave up reading Woolf for a while. For close to 15 years, actually, until I had to read her for one of my classes in the MFA program. And what book was it?  A Room of Ones Own,  of course. Reading it as an adult (rather than a teenager) was striking. I found so much more to marvel at on each page, and realized just how important her book is. The following year, I had to read her collection of essays,  Moments of Being.  Yes, Room  was nonfiction, but her personal essays brought Virginia, the woman, to life. Her descriptions of flowers and memory washed over me, drip drop drip, until I swam through the lines on the page. There was a vividness in these essays that I hadnt experienced with  Room.   Ive been…not quite obsessed, but a bit preoccupied with her, ever since. I found a Penguin tote bag in the style of the purple tri-band cover of Room,  and had to get it.  I read  A Writers Diary, which is blurbed on the back cover by none other than Sylvia Plath. Though I vaguely recall reading  Mrs. Dalloway  back in high school, I cant completely place it, so it sits on my bedside table, along with  The Years  and  Between the Acts.  I have re-watched the movie  The Hours several times, and as someone with a psychology background, often think of her mental health status, what she would be diagnosed with today, and how perhaps medication could have made a difference. Would it have changed her as a writer? Well never know. She has joined the women I admire in the literary world, and is slowly becoming one that I turn to when I need inspiration or respite.  At the bookstore, I grab the titles I havent read yet, and sit on the floor in the fiction aisle, poring over the chapters an d thinking about which ones I will read when Im done with the ones I have. Like Ive written about Plath, as Ive gotten older, these women have become so much more than the stories of their suicides. I recognize their feminist aspects, admire their perseverance and struggles as women and as writers, and discover nuances of their stories that lie in between their words. Some things do get better with age, and for me, Woolf is one of them. Does anyone else fall in love with a writer and then binge-read their works, or become similarly fascinated? What are some writers youve rediscovered? Save

Taking a Look at Sleep Paralysis - 690 Words

Close your eyes for a minute and imagine waking up in a nightmare, where you vision a horrific dark presence in your room and you’re unable to scream for help or even move. This helpless â€Å"nightmare† can also be known as Sleep Paralysis. A condition which people experience a terrifying paralyzing feeling throughout their body in between the state of rest and awakening; often seeing troubled things. Since when I was young I would have some experiences with sleep paralysis. Due to the unusual experiences, I became interested to research the topic and took my time to read about it more. Sleep paralysis, occurs with the most normal sleeper, so it’s possible it can happen to you. What I’m really trying to get across is, why not educate yourself with it now, so you’ll be more aware when it does happen. Sleep Paralysis can be a terrifying experience for many people, but before I get into depth what it is Sleep Paralysis and why it happens, we’ll first get a understanding why we dream, and finally I’ll talk about how to control Sleep Paralysis. Ah, dreams, such a difficult thing science can never grasp. So why do we dream? -Visual Interaction- To be honest, I don’t really know, even oneirologist (people who study dreams) dont even know! Though there are a lot of theories why we have dreams. A more popular spiritual theory states dreams actually serve a purpose; to prepare us for threats. Research shows, negative feelings are the most common emotion when we sleep. So, thoseShow MoreRelatedThe Theory, The Energy Conservation Theory1419 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: what is sleep: Sleeping is something that most creatures of the animal kingdom have in common. A period of time where the body seemingly ceases to function. The average human is supposed to sleep 7-8 hours a day, and although this varies from species to species, the core function stays the same.The dictionary definition of sleep is â€Å"the natural state of rest during which your eyes are closed and you become unconscious†.(Sleep, n.d.) Although it seems like nothing is happening whenRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Narcolepsy Essay1220 Words   |  5 Pagescontrol of sleep and wakefulness. People with narcolepsy tend to experience daytime sleepiness and fall asleep anywhere at any given time. There is no direct cause of narcolepsy but there it is a genetic disease in which you can get it from one of your family members. The genes controls the productions of chemicals in the brain that may have signaled sleep and awaken cycles. There are abnormalities in many parts of the brain which h as some type of involvement with REM sleep. In REM sleep you can experienceRead MoreUnknown but Scarey Factors of Bells Palsy723 Words   |  3 Pagespalsy is the most common type of facial paralysis. Every year it happens to over 40,000 people. It can happen to anyone at any age. I decided to do my paper on Bells palsy because you talked about viruses on our last lecture. When you talked to us about lysogenic pathway Bells palsy is what came to my mind because it is said to be a virus that stays in ones body and attacks whenever it wants to. So what is Bells palsy? Bells palsy is a form facial paralysis. Most of the times it only affects oneRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Depression1502 Words   |  7 Pagesdefined by â€Å"Mood Reactivity and two or more of the following, increased appetite, increased sleep, leaden paralysis, and interpersonal rejection sensitivity.†(Singh/Kristi) and during Shiloh you will see that Leroy manifests mood reactivity, leaden paralysis, and interpersonal rejection. Which is enough to diagnose him with atypical depression. So how does he show it? We’ll let us start with leaden paralysis, you will mostly see how he has this in the end of the story. But in the beginning of the storyRead MoreSleep Disorders : Sleep Disorder2013 Words   |  9 PagesSleep disorders alter ones sleep pattern and often results in the inability to either sleep or sleep soundly. They often cause you to feel restless, tired, fatigued, and irritable. It is estimated that nearly 75 percent of adult A mericans experience sleep disorder symptoms at least a few nights per week. At the same time, sleep disturbances in some form are seen in as many as 25 to 30 percent of infants and children (â€Å"Sleep Disorders† 2013). Clearly a huge conundrum in the world, sleep disordersRead More Sleeping and Dreaming Essay1270 Words   |  6 Pagesland we go. Why is this though? Why do we sleep every night? Why do we awake with dream fresh in our heads? How important is this most basic human routine to our survival? What happens when it is disturbed? Sleeping is extremely important for all mammals, but humans especially. Without sleep we are unable to function properly and at our fullest abilities. When we sleep we grow, and it is an opportunity for us to dream which has many benefits. Sleep is also a way for us to relieve ourselves ofRead MoreHealth Issues That Affect The Sleepers Dreams At Night1870 Words   |  8 Pagesmetabolism and temperature which leads to more brain activity during REM sleep. More brain activity during REM sleep means more dreams† (Restonic). If the sleeper goes to bed with a full stomach that means they are more likely to have intense dreams, which will lead to having nightmares. Health issues that affect the sleepers’ dreams at night. The occurrence of nightmares could be due to heart conditions, migraine and, sleep deprivation. According to Professor Jim Horne from the LoughboroughRead MoreWhy I Am The Minotaur Essay995 Words   |  4 Pageswrite anything, without it making little to no since, even though I would know what I wrote, to someone else it would look like gibberish. I never really toke any type of writing class in high school, I did have English class, but we never did an essay, all I remember doing in those classes was just either reading or writing down definitions. How did I feel about writing before taking this class? I never had the courage to write anything down, let it be a comment on a video or talk to someone onlineRead MoreDreaming from Various Sources1456 Words   |  6 Pageswhen dreams happen, and what their potential purposes may be. To start this paper, we first must understand what a dream is. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, a dream is a series of thoughts, images, or emotions occurring during sleep. Dreams take the things we see during our waking hours and translate them into unique, sometimes horrifying, and possibly meaningful ways. Dreams could also be representations of subconscious feelings and desires, bubbling up from deep within ourRead MoreDevry Psyc 110 Midterm Exam - Latest Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pagesa(n) _____ of anxiety. (Points : 2) variable operational definition theory hypothesis Question 3.3. (TCOs 2, 3) Marta was in an automobile accident and suffered an injury to her brain, resulting in the paralysis of her left arm. What part of Marta’s brain was injured?(Points : 2) Auditory association area Motor cortex Association areas Somatosensory cortex Question 4.4. (TCOs 2, 3) A group of axons bundled together

Playing Sports At Age Four - 1563 Words

I know I should start this with some super interesting hook to get you interested, but I was just a normal teenage girl, and there isn t really anything interesting about that. When I was 14 I started high school and being a freshmen was something new, harder classes, playing sports in school, playing competitive soccer out of school, and trying to have a social life, it was all really crazy to juggle. I just had this super busy schedule every week, which would eventually be true for all four years of High School. With this busy schedule, I was able to learn to balance my time, making it so I could accomplish everything I needed to do every week. I began playing soccer at age four, starting at a recreational level. When I was nine, I started playing on a competitive soccer team, which was a huge step up from the recreational level. We played soccer three to four times a week, practicing, conditioning, and playing in games. Over the years I played on three different competitive teams with a variety of different coaches. Each coach had a different style of coaching and a different personality. Over the years I was able to develop and improve as a player. One day one of my coaches Frank asked me, â€Å"Hey Michelle, I’m starting a recreational program called Eagle River Soccer Club, how would you want to come out and coach?† It was one of those things I had to think about, because I was just starting at a new school, and I didn t know if I would have the time. So I thoughtShow MoreRelatedSports Are Good For Children1654 Words   |  7 Pagesextracurricular activities and what ones are best for my child. At what age is the best time to put them in? Which sports with help them develop the most? Once they start with if they decide they do not like it do I force them to keep going? As a parent, we are always looking to do the best for our children but, are there times when we are pushing them to hard and not helping them in the way we feel we should be ? Organized sports are good for a child when introduced at the right time and in the rightRead MorePlaying Sports At A Young Age Essay1485 Words   |  6 PagesCompetitive sports are negative to younger kids and older kids who play sports, whether its contact or non-contact sports. Many kids are playing sports, whether it’s football, Martial Arts, Cross Country, or Baseball, the outcome of these sports can be all the same. When kids play sports at a young age and compete there is a giant risk factor to the kids mental and physical health. As kids grow up playing these sports, the pressure only increases, along with the risk of getting injured playing the sportRead MoreEffects Of Sports Essay1577 Words   |  7 Pages If you chose to play sports, is it really worth it? Playing sports, in my opinion, is worth it. A teenager plays to have fun, even try to get a scholarship to go to college for the sport they love, also playing teaches qualities you’ll need for the rest of your life, playing sports can improve your way of life by making a positive impact on your health such as weight, cardiorespiratory health, muscle and bones, and reduced risk of cancer. If you’re involved in a sport, does it have a positive orRead MoreEssay about Whywhy Children Should Play or Organized Sports1646 Words   |  7 PagesWhy Children Should Play School or Organized Sport â€Å"Research has shown that participation in outside of school sports and or other organized sports is associated with lower dropout rates, reduced problem behaviors, and increased school performance. Children build interpersonal skills, positive assets needed to become active and productive young adults. Studies suggest that children who are involved with after school sports or organized sports have higher self esteem, lower depression ratesRead MoreConcussions On Football : Is It Worth It?928 Words   |  4 Pagesfootball has become a major problem, not just for the professional athletes, but for kids of all ages from age 8 to 19. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has shown that concussion have doubled in the last decade and The American Academy of Pediatrics says that, â€Å"emergency room visits for concussions in children ages 8 to 13 years old has doubled, and concussions have risen 200 percent among teens ages 14 to 19 in the last decade† (Keith Dunla p, The Oakland Press). This shows that the seriousnessRead MoreNorman Rockwell And The American Academy Of Design1044 Words   |  5 PagesNorman Rockwell was born in 1894 and Died 1978. At the young age of 14, he enrolled in art school in New York City. Two Years later he left High school to study at the National Academy of design. Before studying Norman Rockwell for this paper I honestly had no kind of knowledge about him or any of his work, At least I didn’t think I did. Looking at some of the work that he has done, I noticed I few pieces that I have seen before. One thing that you would notice about all of his paintings. NormanRead MoreAdrian Beltre : One Of The Best Players879 Words   |  4 Pagesbasemen in Major League Baseball. Mr. Beltre is one of my favorite players in all of sports. I admire him to the extent that I have a bobble head of him on the dashboard of my car. Girls can be crazy baseball fans, too. Adrian Beltre is one of the best players of all time be cause he has been selected four times for the Rawlings Gold Glove Award, chosen four times for the Major League Baseball All-Star Games, and picked four times for the Silver Slugger Award. Adrian Beltre was born on April 7. 1979 inRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography : Women s Equality1611 Words   |  7 PagesBoldman ENGL 1102-07 16 September 2015 Women’s Equality in Sports: Annotated Bibliography Women’s equality is an issue that has been around for awhile. While women have been given many rights to increase equality, including the right to vote and go to college, the problem hasn’t completely vanished. One area that still sees this is in sports. Women’s sports do not draw nearly as many fans and are not covered in the media as much as men’s sports, pay differences between male and female athletes are largeRead MoreThe Should Not Be An Nfl Football Player1122 Words   |  5 Pagesdoctor, and maybe even a teacher. There are probably many other choices, but mine was to be an NFL Football Player. This is not a dream I share alone as many other youths envision this dream too. So, we go out to parks and play the great American sport and pretend to be our favorite player. Growing up a Cowboy fan I would always pretend I was NFL great Emmitt Smith. So many of our youth still do the same as I work at an elementary school and here kids all the time at rec ess yell out football termRead MoreThe Effects of Concussions on Human Beings1308 Words   |  6 PagesEffects of Concussions on Human Beings. Did you know, that someone suffers from a brain injury every 21 seconds (Haas)? Children get concussions all the time, and most of the time they go unnoticed. The majority of concussions happen when one is playing a sport such as football, hockey, or lacrosse. Many famous athletes have had their careers, even their lives cut short due to concussions. Brain damage and death can result from serial concussions (Schafer). When one suffers from a concussion, one’s

A Theory of Human Motivation Free Essays

A Theory of Human Motivation There are five basic hierarchical needs that each person must satisfy in order to achieve self-fulfillment. These needs begin with physiological, which includes the automatic drive to fulfill one’s basic nourishment from food, water and air, as well as the choices in the selection of these needs. If these basic physiological needs are not met, all other needs will be ignored until these are satisfied. We will write a custom essay sample on A Theory of Human Motivation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Second is the person’s need for safety, which yields to short term and immediate dangers before considering other long term concerns to maintain safety in the future. The motivation to fulfill these needs include relieving physical discomforts such as pain or temperature extremes, avoiding hazardous risks that could potentially cause harm to one’s self, and also seeking surroundings that are familiar. Once the first two needs have been met, a person will focus on finding acceptance with others, not only with sex, but as a sense of belongingness with a person or groups that has a mutual concern for one another. Failure to satisfy the need for love often results in psychological maladjustments and disconnection in the future. The next is the esteem needs, which is the desire for respect from one’s self as well as respect from others. The next need for self-actualization refers to a person’s desire to become whatever they imagine themselves capable of. If all other needs are satisfied then that person will then seek to improve one’s own self in a way that they feel themselves capable of, and that varies from person to person. While further needs are seldom pursued, the final need is the desire to know and to understand that which has been previously unanswered. This is a need to satisfy one’s greatest curiosities in the final stage of self-fulfillment. Once a need is fulfilled and higher needs become satisfied, a person may shift their attention back to more basic needs that have since been depleted or lost. These needs are only applicable in humans and the study of these needs on animals does not suggest anything about the higher needs of human motivation. How to cite A Theory of Human Motivation, Papers

On Dumpster Diving by Las Eighner Essay Example For Students

On Dumpster Diving by Las Eighner Essay Homelessness is increasing every year and effecting Americans of different age, ethnicity and religion. In Lars Eighner â€Å"On Dumpster Diving† he explains what he went through while being homeless. He describes how and what foods someone should be looking for and to always be conscious of what one is eating because there is always a reason why something has been thrown out. He continues to go into detail about other items that can be found in the dumpster like sheets to sleep on and pieces of paper to write on. Things that can keep him busy through the day. Eighner carefully explains to his readers how being a dumpster diver has become a life style for the homeless and this is how they survive. It’s a way of living and they are comfortable doing it. â€Å"I began dumpster diving about a year before I became homeless† (Eighner 713). He tries to bring us into the world of being homeless. It is hard to imagine what it would be like in that situation, and how could surviving as a dumpster diver be a way of survival? As a dumpster diver, Eighner is able to tell us what is ok to eat and have and what is not ok for your health. His essay starts by uttering some guidelines of what is and is not safe to eat. â€Å"Eating safely from the dumpsters involves three principles: using common sense for evaluating the food, knowing the dumpsters of the given areas and always ask, â€Å"Why was this discarded?† (Eighner 714). Eighner was born Laurence Vail Eighner in Corpus Christi, Texas, on November 25, 1948. When Eighner became homeless in 1988 after leaving a job he had been with for ten years as an attendant at a state hospital in Austin, Texas. â€Å"For three years he traveled back and forth between Austin and Los Angeles with his dog Lizbeth, earning what mo. .This is a very powerful article taking his readers into the world of being poor and homeless, and what people experience every day that could never be imagined. Eighner says in one of his last paragraphs that, â€Å"many times in our travels I have lost everything but the clothes I was wearing and Lizbeth† (Eighner 724). He also states that he and the wealthy have the same attitudes about knowing there is more where what they came from. Eighner is so powerful and doesn’t care what others think of him. He is just trying to survive like everyone else. To have such a carefree attitude is very moving. Works CitedTravels with Lizbeth: Three Years on the Road and On the Streets. Publishers Weekly 260.34 (2013): 57. Academic Search Complete. Web. 30 Jan. 2014. Eighner, Lars (1992) On Dumpster Diving, New England Journal of Public Policy: Vol. 8: Iss. 1, Article 7.

Concepts of International Business

Introduction International business operates in more than one country, region or continent. The location of international business is an important factor to the performance of any international business.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Concepts of International Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Punnett and Ricks proclaim that the location of any business depends on factors e.g. the raw materials location, the labor force, infrastructure, government laws and regulations, the target market and even the viability of expansion. Because of these factors, the location of a business must be scanned well as it will determine the costs of operation. The location of international business must also take into consideration the cultures as the beliefs and practices differ from region to region. International Business It is therefore categorical that the location of an international business has a heavy weight on the performance of the business. The first theory of international business location is the agglomeration theory (Hofstede, 99). The theory asserts that since companies and people are concentrated in the same places, the businesses should also be located in these regions. The location of companies should thus be placed where there are people. The theory capitalizes on the fact that people are important factors of production and therefore the success of the business depends on this production factors. The theory has several advantages. To begin with, businesses that are located where there are people will incur a small portion of their finances on the transportation of these goods. The target market will be closer to the company thereby making the transportation costs to be low. Another advantage of this theory is that the international business located where people are will be capable getting the required human factors of production. With these skills available for the company to utiliz e, the company will be in a position to improve the efficiency and therefore realize high returns. The high supply of labor will also enable the international business to get labor costs at low cost. This will further reduce the operation costs and thereby increase the business profits.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, the location of people in the same place may mean that the cultures and beliefs will be shared. In circumstances where there arte diverse cultures, the international business will be forced to take a long time in order to segment its market and customize its products. The marketing department will also have to customize the promotion message in order to attract the varied interest. Wirth the same cultures and operations, 5the business will be in apposition to reduce the costs of product development and promotion, this will thus lead to increased retur ns. Strength of this theory is that with the location of production factors at the same place, the need and risk of international variation of exchange rates will be eradicated. Adverse exchange rate fluctuation will make the business incur high business costs which will reduce the company’s income. Despite the several advantages of this theory, it also suffers from many drawbacks. First, the likelihood of people getting concentrated in one place is almost equal to zero. This is because of the fact that the population distribution does not depend on the company’s location but other factors. The location of people will not at any given point be at the same region as they exist different regions and economic regions around the world. Another drawback of this theory is that the government regulations will affect the location of any business. The government in most instances wants the company’s location to be at places away from the resident areas. This is because t he close location of business to the people may lead to the pollution of the environment thus affecting the human health. The business also has the corporate responsibility to look into the affairs of the community at large hence should not be ethically located. Again, it will be rare for all the production factors to be placed at one point. It will always be realized that some factors of production are nor available and must therefore be imported from other regions. Not any single region can be endowed with all the production factors. The second theory is that of orthodox. The theory is built on the short comings of the agglomeration theory (Buckley, 66). The theory explains that international businesses will not realize a constant return to scale in its production across the globe. Businesses have to be located depending on the growth prospects and opportunities.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Concepts of International Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is because; the business should be focused to achieving increased returns. The theory therefore tends to discourage the location of the business in regions with declining return. It can therefore be said that this theory is aimed at maximizing the shareholders wealth which is in line with any profit making firm. This theory of location benefits from the following advantages. It takes into account growth prospects. As such the business will realize continued growth in its operation and increase the value of its returns. The business wills also retrench its production in regions with declining results. By doing so, the synergy will be greater and thereby the survival growth. The second advantage of this theory is the fact that in carefully scanned the environment before determining the location. By doing so, the business will be able to avoid losses that arise because of lack of proper feasibility study. This as well will mean that the production will take into account the need to customize its production and this will enhance the customers’ satisfaction a fact that is important in international business. Allen and Raynor (12), London, Ted, and Stuart, Hart, (25) that, orthodox theory is also genuine in that all factors of production and the demand will vary depending on the economic factors. The global economy experiences different economic conditions at different times and therefore the business location must take into account these factors. Failure for the business to consider the economic conditions will make is realize declining returns that may hinder the business going concern. The globe experiences different inflation level, tastes and preferences thereby making the location to be dependent and demand. This theory is also important as it considers that different regions are endowed with different factors of production. This therefore makes the location to depend on the factors location. Com panies will tend to locate their operations in regions that will economies on the costs of production. For example, companies will be located in areas that are close to the most important production factor that areas that are far away. The models of transportation will be used to calculate the cheapest means of production. Finally, the location theory also makes the operation efficiency to be enhanced. This is because the business will be located in areas which are likely to make the business grow. The location will look into the government regulations and other legal factors and this will make the business reduce the costs of paying the costs that are caused with the high regulation charges.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the contrary, orthodox theory suffers from various drawbacks. To begin with, this location theory will; demand a lot of resources top conduct the feasibility and viability study, this will thus increase the start up cost and reducer the initial returns. The theory may also fail to address the long term objectives as the business returns may be viable for a while before they begin to decline, this means that the business location may have a short life span. Continued long term prospects may be difficult to determine. Since the theory only considers the returns to the business, it will not help solve the solution requirement for non profit international companies. Welch and Wilkinson (225) say that, â€Å"Some international business may not have the sole objective of achieving only economic objectives.† Other factor should thus be considered i.e. the expectation of the society and the need to provide services. The location of international businesses should therefore be care fully evaluated in order to make the businesses realize good returns. Other theories advocate factors like regionalization, integration and alliances in order to influence the business location. It will thus be important for international business managers to integrate several factors in the determination of business location. Because of the crucial role of culture in international; operation, it should be given the due gravity. Conclusion In conclusion, there is no single theory that can explain the determination of business location. A trade off must thus be made depending on the weights and contribution by each factor in its impact on the business operation. Work Cited Allen, Dwight. and Raynor, Michael. Preparing for a New Global Business Environment: Divided and Disorderly or Integrated and Harmonious? Journal of Business Strategy 25, 2004. Print. Buckley, Peter. What is International Business? Basingstoke, Hampshire; New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. Print.. Hofstede, Kr aut. Culture’s Consequences: Individual Differences in Work Related Values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, 1980. Print. London, Ted and Stuart, Hart. Reinventing Strategies for Emerging Markets: Beyond the Transnational Model. Journal of International Business Studies 35, no. 5 2004. Print. Punnett, Ricks, D. International Business. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1997. Print. Welch, Catherine and Wilkinson, Ian. The Political Embeddedness of International Business Networks; International Marketing Review, 2004. Print. This essay on Concepts of International Business was written and submitted by user Finnegan Gallegos to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Use of Thematic Maps in Geography

Use of Thematic Maps in Geography A thematic map emphasizes a theme or topic, such as the average distribution of rainfall in an area. Theyre different from general reference maps because they dont just show natural and manmade features such as rivers, cities, political subdivisions, and highways. If these items appear on a thematic map, theyre reference points to enhance ones understanding of the maps theme and purpose. Normally, thematic maps use coastlines, city locations, and political boundaries as their basis. The maps theme is then layered onto this base map via different mapping programs and technologies such as geographic information systems (GIS). History Thematic maps didnt develop until the mid-17th century, because accurate base maps didnt exist before then. Once maps became accurate enough to correctly display coastlines, cities, and other boundaries, the first thematic maps were created. In 1686, for example, English astronomer Edmond Halley developed a star chart and published the first meteorological chart using base maps as his reference in an article he wrote about trade winds. In 1701, Halley published the first chart to show lines of magnetic variation,  a thematic map that later became useful in navigation. Halleys maps were largely used for navigation and study of the physical environment. In 1854, London doctor John Snow created the first thematic map used for problem analysis when he mapped choleras spread throughout the city. He began with a base map of Londons neighborhoods that included streets and water pump locations. He then mapped locations where people had died from cholera on that base map and found that the deaths clustered around one pump. He determined that the water coming from the pump was the cause of cholera. The first map of Paris showing population density was developed by Louis-Leger Vauthier, a French engineer. It used isolines (lines connecting points of equal value) to show population distribution throughout the city. He is believed to have been the first to use isolines to display a theme that didnt have to do with physical geography. Audiences and Sources The most significant factor to consider when designing thematic maps is the maps audience, which helps determine what items should be included on the map as reference points in addition to the theme. A map being made for a political scientist, for example, would need to show political boundaries, whereas one for a biologist might need contours showing elevation. The sources of thematic maps data are also important. Cartographers must find accurate, recent, reliable sources of information on a wide range of subjects, from environmental features to demographic data, to make the best possible maps. Once accurate data is found, there are various ways to use that data that must be considered with the maps theme. Univariate mapping deals with only one type of data and looks at the occurrence of one type of event. This process would be good for mapping a locations rainfall. Bivariate data mapping shows the distribution of two data sets and models their correlations, such as rainfall amounts relative to elevation. Multivariate data mapping, which uses two or more data sets, could look at rainfall, elevation, and the amount of vegetation relative to both, for example. Types of Thematic Maps Although cartographers can use data sets in different ways to create thematic maps, five thematic mapping techniques are used most often: The most common is the choropleth map, which portrays quantitative data as a color and can show density, percent, average value, or quantity of an event within a geographic area. Sequential colors represent increasing or decreasing positive or negative data values. Normally, each color also represents a range of values.Proportional or graduated symbols are used in another type of map to represent data associated with locations, such as cities. Data is displayed on these maps with proportionally sized symbols to show differences in occurrences. Circles are most often used, but squares and other geometric shapes are also suitable. The most common way to size these symbols is to make their areas proportional to the values to be depicted using mapping or drawing software.Another thematic map, the isarithmic or contour map, uses isolines to depict continuous values such as precipitation levels. These maps also can display three-dimensional values, such as elevation, on topographic maps. G enerally, data for isarithmic maps is gathered via measurable points (e.g. weather stations) or is collected by area (e.g. tons of corn per acre by county). Isarithmic maps also follow the basic rule that there are high and low sides in relation to the isoline. For example, in elevation, if the isoline is 500 feet, then one side must be higher than 500 feet and one side must be lower. A dot map, another type of thematic map, uses dots to show the presence of a theme and display a spatial pattern. A dot can represent one unit or several, depending on what is being depicted.Finally, dasymetric mapping is a complex variation on the choropleth map that uses statistics and additional information to combine areas with similar values instead of using the administrative boundaries common in a simple choropleth map.

Fnancial analysis. Accenture, Wal-Mart, and McDonalds Essay

Fnancial analysis. Accenture, Wal-Mart, and McDonalds - Essay Example McDonald’s is the largest fast food restaurant in the world. The company has over 32,000 stores worldwide. The global sales of McDonald’s in 2011 were $27 billion. The use of aggressive advertising strategies has helped McDonald’s gain popularity, increase its customer base, and achieve superior customer retention. Section two The annual reports of Accenture, Wal-Mart, and McDonald’s were downloaded for review. Each annual report provided information regarding the financial statements of the companies. All three companies demonstrated having strong cash reserves. The firm with the largest cash account was Wal-Mart with $7.40 billion. Accenture ranked second between the three companies at $5.7 billion, while McDonald’s had the weakest cash position at $2.34 billion. The current ratio was chosen as the metric to measure the company’s ability to pay off its short term debt using current assets. All three companies are in good position to pay off their current debt due to the fact that all three companies had a current ratio above the 1.0 threshold. Wal-Mart utilized the most cash on investing activities out of the three firms at $12.19 billion. The firm that had the lowest amount of cash spend in investing activities was Accenture with $0.7 billion. The amount of cash spend in investing activities by McDonald’s was $2.57 billion. The firm with the highest change in non-current assets during fiscal year 2011 was Wal-Mart with $5.55 billion. ... The amount of cash spend in investing activities by McDonald’s was $2.57 billion. The firm with the highest change in non-current assets during fiscal year 2011 was Wal-Mart with $5.55 billion. The change in non-current assets of Accenture and McDonald’s were $0.99 billion and $24 million respectively. Section five Net income 2009 2010 2011 Accenture $1.59 billion $1.78 billion $2.28 billion McDonald’s $4.55 billion $4.95 billion $5.5 billion Wal-Mart $13.38 billion $14.37 billion $16.39 billion Cash flow from operating activities 2009 2010 2011 Accenture $3.16 billion $3.09 billion $3.44 billion McDonald’s $5.75 billion $6.34 billion $7.15 billion Wal-Mart $23.64 billion $26.25 billion $23.64 billion From 2009 to 2011 Accenture, McDonald’s and Wal-Mart all enjoyed increases in net income. The income of Accenture went up by 43.39% in comparison with 2009 and it rose by 28.08% in comparison with 2010. In 2011 McDonald’s enjoyed a net income in crease of 11.11% in comparison with the previous year. Wal-Mart had a net income increase of 14.05% between 2010 and 2011. The retail giant enjoyed the greatest net income increase at $2.02 billion. The only company that enjoyed consecutive increases in cash from operating activities during the period between 2009 and 2011 was McDonald’s. Section six Based on the financial analysis performed on the three companies in this paper I am going to choose the company that is the best investment alternative for investors looking to make some money. Wal-Mart Corporation was the company with the highest amount of cash reserves and it was also the firm with the highest current ratio. Wal-Mart has the greatest liquidity of the three firms. Wal-Mart

The Importance of One Individual Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Importance of One Individual - Assignment Example The group development or team formation goes through many processes. The first step in this regard is called form. In this step, the team’s members are being selected and they are explained about the upcoming challenges and chances, and they are also explained in depth about the motives and goals of the team. Likewise, we were told about the difficulties in maintaining a friendly environment in the team as we were from different communities and we had different views on different topics. In the starting, the members of the group try their finest to give the best possible performance so that they can be noticed by the coaches. Likewise, I and other group members were trying to seek the attention of the coach by giving our best. But we had an aim to achieve the goals we had thought of as an individual. We were not only struggling for the benefit of our team but for our own benefits too. Experienced team members and the leaders began to teach us about the importance of collaborat ion and suitable manners even at this early stage of formation. The team leaders were very directive at this stage. The forming phase of a team is of paramount importance, as it provides the chance to the team members of knowing and understanding each other. This is besides an excellent chance to observe in what manner every member of the group moves as an individual and how they counter to pressure. After the forming phase, our team entered in the phase of ‘Storming’. In this stage, the team addressed about the problems which really needed to be solved, our way to proceed individually and as a group and about the performance criterion of our team. All team members gave their suggestions and ideas and listened to each other. We also tackled with the conflicting views of other team members.

Comparative Study Of Tesco Marketing Strategies And Activities Marketing Essay

Comparative Study Of Tesco Marketing Strategies And Activities Marketing Essay Abstract The study focuses the marketing strategies adopt by the TESCO and its comparison with other manufacturing, business and non-profit organizations. It also looks into linkages between the operations at these organizations and their marketing strategy. It shows that in current ever-changing and challenging market companies with different background have to adopt different marketing strategy to get the advantage over competitors. These companies and organizations have to link their operations with that marketing strategy so that they could meet with the maximum customer satisfaction. TESCO has a competitive advantage over its rivals in retail market as its adopting diverse strategies in operation as well as in marketing. TESCO is utilizing modern technology effectively. Introduction Marketing is a way to introduce your product to your targeted customers in any market. Todays business world demands every business to adopt a workable marketing strategy so that they could achieve competitive advantages over their rivals and could generate higher sales and profits successfully. There are different ways adopted by all the companies to maximize their reach in markets. This marketing strategy should be aggressive and effective. In this assignment we are going to study the approaches adopted by the TESCO which is one of leading retailer in United Kingdom. We will also study the difference of approaches adopted by TESCO comparing to the other manufacturing companies, service and non-profit organizations. The assignment will answer following four questions parted into three tasks, which are given below:- Task 1 (A) Understand and critically appraise the importance of marketing within the development of business plans and strategies at Tesco plc. Task 1 (B) In the report you must also evaluate and analyse the processes of market development in the dynamic retail business environment in which the company (TESCO) operates. Task 2 Critically evaluate, appraise and analyse the place of information systems and new technologies in developing business and marketing strategies and planning at Tesco plc. Task 3 Evaluate and analyse the linkages between marketing and operations in manufacturing, service and not-for-profit organisations to compare how these organisations undertake marketing. The focus of this study will be to understand the concept of marketing in general with focusing on the strategy and activities adopted by the TESCO. It will also help us in understanding the differences of marketing strategies adopted by different kinds of business and organizations like manufacturing, services and non-profits. 1.1 Background Founder of TESCO Jack Cohen, has started this business when he started to sell groceries in East London in 1919. The first days profit was 1 Pound. The business could lead him to sell his first product in his own brand name of Tesco in 1924. This name has come from the two first letters of TE Stockwell, and Co from surname of Jack. In those early days, Jack Cohen had a partner in firm of tea as a supplier, TE Stockwell. In 1929, Cohen could open his first store in Burnt Oak, Edgware in north of London. Tesco has become plc in 1932. A specified land has been bought in north of London at Angel Road, Edmonton for building a new headquarters and warehouse in 1934. (www.tescocorporate.com) Annual sales on Tesco touched landmark of one billion Pound in the year 1979. It exceeded to two billion Pound in the year of 1982. Same year for first time Tesco put some computerize checkouts in its stores. In the year 1985, Tesco became the first grocery retailer which started emphasizing on nutritional value of its brand products through an initiative named as Healthy Eating. In 1991 it became the biggest independent petrol retail seller in Britain. Next year it launched more new products and services which included Tesco Organic range, computers for schools and Every little Helps. Tesco has expanded its market on year, 1988 and 1999. Tesco improved customer service through lunching Customer Champions policy in stores; it became leader in organic retailer for the UK market. Tesco went to South Korea, Thailand and Taiwan. But later Tesco exited the Taiwanese market and it shifted to Czech Republic in 2005. Adopting the diversification strategy, a store under name of Tesco Homeplus was launched in 2005. In 2009 club cards re-lunched in the UK with a big investment of 150. Figure 1 shows Tesco around the world Website Tesco.com is the worlds most active online supermarket and in year 2009 the group had sales of more than  £577 million, with increase of 29% on year 2008. Tesco online widely operates with over 270 stores around the UK, covering 96% of the online retail market. Estimated more than one million households nationwide using the online service, the company has a strong platform to further develop this revenue stream. Anon (2004) 1.2 What is marketing? Marketing is the systematic approach of selling goods, adopted by any business and not for-profit organization with a specific message. It always attempts to raise the organization ability to generate profits, whether these are financial (profits and donations) or electoral. Tescos strategy is very clear, with the growth as target from four areas the core UK business of grocery, non-foods, international retailing services and expansion other services such as financial, the dotcom and telecommunication. 2 Task 1 (A) Understand and critically appraise the importance of marketing within the development of business plans and strategies at Tesco plc. 2.1 TESCOs Marketing Strategy The marketing strategy involves analyzing the market, and determining which product to offer and the exact what range of the customers to be suited, considerations relating to fashion, seasons ,sizing, as well as the appropriateness. Tesco decide that there will be a specific core European range of environmentally friendly products which are exported throughout the Europe, while there would be another range for local customers. However before any decisions are made about marketing strategy, a detailed market research is undertaken to test the concept of the new range, the pricing, attitudes towards Tesco, the new Alliance with partners, purchasing habits of the customers. TESCO adopts campaigns for marketing the business, such a campaign would consisting of TV and radio advertising at regular intervals. Advertisements in news papers and magazines. The alliance partner making press releases and sharing about their ventures on their national and regional media benefits Tesco. Company benefits in creating thousands of new jobs. The introduction of an environmentally friendly of products. Billboard campaigns. Internet advertisement. Direct marketing to known customers (Club cards) Tesco has a successful history since years of its start. Today, Tesco Plc is a successful retailer in the United Kingdom. Tesco has put some series of practical marketing strategies. According to Ansoff matrix strategy, Tesco could develop its markets and products in the UK market, and ultimately with diversification strategy has got in front of other rivals. Ansoff, I. (1989), by applying these different strategies, Tesco successfully got its competitive advantages over it other rivals. In the UK, the groceries market has been among the major businesses. Now Tesco is also securing the large market shares in this ever-changing global retailer market. Figure 2 shows that the strategies might be applied by Tesco regarding to Ansoff matrix and vertical integration has been successful. 2.2 Task 1 (B) In the report you must also evaluate and analyse the processes of market development in the dynamic retail business environment in which the company (TESCO) operates. TESCO has a very successful business history on its record, today it is most successful retailer in the United Kingdom. The position of Tesco among other rivals in UK shows that company successfully applied its designed marketing strategies. As a growing retailer, TESCO could easily take over from its other rivals and could be on a distinctive advantage over the top hundred profitable businesses in UK. Tesco has applied some series of experiential marketing ways. Market incursion, Product improvement, Market progress and Diversification are the strategies through Tesco have put influence and it is remaining on top in the market. By applying effective strategies, Tesco has successfully got its competitive advantage among other retailers. 2.2.1 Market Penetration strategy In order to achieve success, Tesco has a three way strategy. First, Tesco always takes customers from other competitors like ASDA, Sainsburys, Morison and Somerfield, etc. Second, by providing the quality product and higher level of services, Tesco could attract and keep more customers, where these Tescos customers feel that Tesco is the best service provider. This situation makes the distinction among Tesco and other competitors. Third, attracting to more non-users of products and services to some business, by using of advertising and promotion or other marketing strategies, these would be capable policies (Ansoff, 1989, Lynch, 2003). According to Lynch, Marketing Penetration strategy is very important for Tesco because retaining existing customers is cheaper than attracting new one. (Lynch, 2003). For example, Tescos international expansion strategy has responded to meet the maximum needs of customers. it is sensitive to local expectations in other countries, by entering into joint ventures with local partners, such as Samsung Group in South Korea (Samsung-Tesco Home plus), and Charoen Pokphand in Thailand (Tesco Lotus), appointing a very high proportion of local personnel to management positions. (Tesco Preliminary Results 2006) Tesco is accessing to the lowest cost materials for supply and efficient production to influence the retail market. By recognition of low cost supplier, it is a privilege for Tesco to offer goods and services to its customers benefitting at cheaper prices in the town. Tesco Having good experience of dealing with larger size and diversity of the customers and customers satisfaction that is necessary for Tesco as a retailer to retain it in the market. TESCO successfully has created its Brand loyalty. Tesco operates as Internet system provider (ISP), its now in mobile phone and home phone business, and Volp businesses. Tesco in joint venture with O2 could build up diversification in telecommunication and it could increase it businesses in voice over internet with Freshtel Australia. It developing a success slogan of The right message To the right audience At the right time 2.2.2 Marketing and Sales Loyalty programs for example Tesco Clubcard are available through information technology advances that discourage the customers from switching over to their rivals. Tesco also has introduced a Greener Living Scheme to give consumers guidance on environmental issues, like how to reduce food waste and food carbon marks when one is preparing meals. 2.2.3 Services Tesco has been adopting a dual policy of cost leadership and diversification, which led to importance placed over the customer service.   Drawing upon this dual strategy is exhibited through the development of self-service kiosks, financial services, focused direct marketing and promotions. The relative analysis of the value created by the big four supermarket chains, i.e., Tesco, Asda, Sainsburys and Morrisons has been provided. (Keynote (2010), 3 Task 2 Critically evaluate, appraise and analyse the place of information systems and new technologies in developing business and marketing strategies and planning at Tesco plc. 3.1 Place of Information system and Technologies Information system is modern day business tool which helps businesses to communicate internally and externally with effectiveness. It also includes the use of current advanced technologies. Any business which gets starts these days required to adopt proper and effective information systems that connects not only the all internal parts of business but connects business with its markets. The use of new technologies gives a company advantage over its rivals. The main question always remains for managers how they effectively utilize existing information systems and technologies. According to its website, Tesco maintains business relationships with approximately 2,000 own-brand primary suppliers from less than a hundred countries. (www.tescocorporate.com)The current achievement of Tesco could be supportive of their claim that Tesco logistics management strategy always helps to gain its competitive advantage. Tesco respects to the UK Governments statutory Supplier Code of Practice, and it holds strict execution on moral trading and commercial policies, and other conducts of ethical trading like training to all commercial staff. Superior effectiveness of the computer-controlled logistics schemes is seen in Tesco (Fernie and McKinnon 2003). its e-tailing is a key marketing and sales activity, placing grocery order over the website that operate in highly automated central warehouses and automated logistics is more competent as to judge against with other groceries in the market. Tesco looking for strengthen its relationship with suppliers and to increase market share based on the characteristics of services (e.g., intangibility, heterogeneity, simultaneity, and perish ability). (Thompson and Strickland 2003) Various Marketing and Communication Means Adopted by TESCO to build this relationship more effective and profit based. These means included following methods of communication:- Mail Television Radio/Digital Radio Website   Email Telephone On floors at stores TESCO effectively get benefits from modern technology from security purposes like alarm systems, mechanical doors, self scanning machines for customers (which saves their time from being into large lines for payments) towards other advanced like CCTV. There is swift transporting system within stores to supply from warehouse at store. In a swiftly shifting business environment with high pressure from its competitors Tesco have adopted new expansion strategies and diversified the present order to sustain its market position as leader in retailing market. In light of the above analysis, it can easily be concluded that Tesco is holding its leadership position successfully within the highly unstable retail market, where all companies are required to follow both cost leadership and diversification strategies. Tesco successfully has been able to realize both with the help of a lean and agile supply chain management, effective marketing strategy along with the better use of information technology and new developed systems. 4 Task 3 Evaluate and analyse the linkages between marketing and operations in manufacturing, service and not-for-profit organisations to compare how these organisations undertake marketing. 4.1 linkages between marketing and operations In organizations and businesses, when a new manager starts its business plan or operational plan for the first time he wonders about: What is the real aim? What am I going to achieve? What is my marketing strategy? He can answer all these questions according to the nature of company or organization. He focuses the aims and targets through a working plan and supports that plan with an effective workable marking strategy that makes the organization or company very prominent in the market.The main objective of marketing is to bring development in the business or services and to get the attention of beneficiaries or consumers. Various businesses and organizations adopt different marketing techniques according to their needs. For example if we see a tight linkage between marketing and manufacturing it tells that a manufacturing company always looks for the value-added opportunities. It ensures with the aim of the right manufacturing capabilities are existing to meet up the requirements of customers. It also focuses that near- and long-term demands has been put in to the formation of manufacturing plans, inventory strategies and material handlings. Essentially manufacturing strategy should be aligned with marketing strategy. It should be developed in manner that improves the viable capability of the organization. In addition simple inter-functional co-ordination, manufacturing and marketing strategy decisions must be united and linked to the company strategy. In their empirical study of new firms, conclude that the synergy between marketing and manufacturing strategy decisions is more closely related to business success than either marketing or manufacturing decisions alone. In businesses or non-profit organizations share holder progress is not the main purpose, return on investment is less of an adding resource in business planning, however a vital necessity. Here return on investment is not primary motive of the business. Instead the main motive of enterprise may be some other purpose. Thus, the main difference between marketing products or services is that there is much more personal contact required when marketing a service as compared with marketing products. Marketing services may require meeting the customer in a face-to-face basis, or it may mean contacting prospective customers over the telephone. For all those firms which always emphasize product qualities those are not taking serious about the significant correlations with the marketing strategy. While firms which emphasized cutback in costs, they always focus on improving the sales. Firms which put greater emphasis on the product design effort those emphasize three marketing strategy factors: a change in the product line improves sales effort, and helps in new market development. This relationship seems rational, as the focus on product design and its development will lead to opportunity in new markets or for new customers. All those activities which affect the flow of goods and services from producers or service deliverer to the users or consumers are part of marketing. While in advanced industrial economies like UK, marketing strategies play a main role in formatting corporate policy. Once concerned with rising sales through marketing and other promotional techniques, corporate or organization marketing departments these days focus on product development, credit policies, distribution, customer support, and internal communications. Different organizations or business adopt different methods for marketing and connect the marketing and operations to maximise their output. The aim is same to get maximum attention from customers or beneficiaries. 5 Conclusion There are more than six billion humans who are living in this global market which is always inviting business and organizations to sell their product, services or make them benefited from some social and developmental work. It is estimated that there are 900 million PCs worldwide. 44% of UK adults use SMS text messaging on a daily basis, compared with 36% who use the Internet. 63% of Americans are not willing to lend their phone and there are 1.3 billion Internet users, 1.5 billion TV households, 3.3 billion mobile subscribers, Average time to report a lost wallet 26 hours and average time to report a lost mobile, 68 minutes. That shows the competition and challenges for companies to adopt workable marketing strategy for companies and organizations. Tesco is quite able to recognize technological changes and infrastructure particularly on its e-tailing business. Aside from Tescos use of internet as major technological infrastructure, changes are to be anticipated or the management should be able to deal with the rapid changes in technologies. Tesco is required to improve technological infrastructures through innovations to increase efficiency as well as quality of the products and services. All in all, Tescos senior executives who think about how to establish and sustain competitive advantage using logistics strategy should consider how to tailor their own logistics. To do so, they will need a sound understanding of the fundamental principles of good logistics as well as exploring new logistics capabilities. A strategic model to enable Tesco to obtain its objectives and to sustain competitive advantages in the markets. In USA Tesco cannot enter to this market and compete with the strongest retailer such as Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart has completely covered all the United State markets and there are not any chances for other rivals to enter to the market.

ICT and Business Development

ICT and Business Development In line with the main priorities set by the URBACT Information Society Network, this theme focuses on business development and the role of ICT as a means of tackling economic restructuring and promoting employment and in doing so fostering social cohesion and economic inclusion. The purpose of this brief document is to act as a guide for colleagues when preparing material or presentations on this topic and to provoke discussion on the issues raised in it. Business Development and its relationship to ICT?Business Development is the process of improvement that enables a business to become more efficient, profitable, and thereby creating or safeguarding jobs. Business development therefore does not only concern marketing and sales departments, but all parts of a business which constitute its value chain and requires effective communication and co-operation within a company. Over the last 20 years ICT has increasingly been identified as a major contributor to the process of business development and improvement and it has been identified that â€Å"ICT †¦. is responsible for around half of productivity growth in modern economies.It drives improved efficiency and better services and products across the entirety of the private and the public sectors. † (Viviane Reding, Member of the European Commission responsible for Information Society). What has been the impact of ICT on Business? The use of ICT and technology has affected every aspect of business, transforming not only the way that business is conducted but also creating new business sectors and jobs. The creation of companies like Google and e-Bay which did not exist 10 years ago, was only made possible by advances in technology and the changes that this has created in the way that people ehave (currently Google is valued at ?44billion – Source BBC 5th June 05). Some examples of the nature of this change include: Marketing: The use of websites has allowed companies to develop new and cheaper ways of reaching new markets, offering customers the opportunity of buying goods and services whenever they want and often at reduced cost, whilst also enhancing the level of customer service. This has been coupled with the expansion and use of e-mails which again has been used by business to market their goods and services directly to potential customers, as well as communicating with existing customers and suppliers.Increasingly the marketing campaigns of businesses include the use of technologies such as Contact Management Systems that allows them to co-ordinate, monitor and report on various aspects of their marketing campaigns in new ways making these campaigns more targeted and effective. Finance: Practically all companies now use software programs e. g. Sage or Excel to manage their accounts. This has allowed them to look at financial information when required, monitor and respond to their customers purchasing patterns by e. g. offering discounts an d overall improve the management of their finances.The result of this has been for many companies a reduction in their accountancy fees. Out of office working: For many businesses the need for staff to be away from the office attending meetings etc. or to be based in another geographical location has grown alongside employee demands for more flexible working patterns. However effective communication and ability to access information etc. remains critical to the productivity of these staff members. Therefore through the use of technology many companies now use a range of technologies to enable this.These include mobile phones, e-mail, broadband, laptops, etc. Thus ensuring that companies are able to be flexible and adaptive depending on their business needs. Networks: Virtually all businesses now have or have access to a computer. The existence of two or more computers in an office almost always leads to the creation of a network. The main advantage of doing so is that resources can be shared e. g. printers, internet access, files/information can be managed and shared amongst workstations and the security of information can be better managed through a network.Increasingly networks are not just confined to the office but are being adopted so that they allow home/remote working that supports changing business needs. This transformation has really taken place over the last 20 years and continues to transform the way business is done. No business today can ignore the use of technology as its effective use helps businesses to remain competitive and profitable, thereby creating or safeguarding jobs. The role of the Public Sector? What is the case for Public Sector intervention if this is already happening?Talking specifically about SME’s, the final report (Feb. 2004) of the European Go Digital Awareness campaign 2001-2003 shows that â€Å"to help SME’s to â€Å"Go Digital† is still a policy challenge† as SME’s remain sceptical about ICT and e-business. This is mainly the result of: †¢Their experience of procuring technology has often left an impression that the wrong decision was made as the expected benefits from using new technology have not materialised. This then affects businesses willingness to further invest in technology and therefore threatens their further competitiveness. The creation of new businesses especially in new industries requires that the right support and business environment are present.For example the presence of Science Park’s, Universities, and Research Centres etc. can help the spread of an innovative culture amongst businesses. In the absence of proper support and the right environment areas/regions risk losing the jobs and prosperity brought by the creation of new businesses. †¢Procuring technology in itself is not a route to successful business development but requires that staff have the right skills to implement and use it effectively. Many of the new technologi es and emerging or existing businesses are increasing dependant on the presence of a relevant technological infrastructure to support business development e. g. Broadband access. The lack of this infrastructure can undermine business development, therefore damaging competitiveness and jobs. The issues above although not exhaustive are indications of market failure and therefore a challenge to the public sector in defining a role and developing projects/iniatives to address them.Without effective action areas/regions risk falling behind and therefore losing out in terms of: †¢Developing new businesses in new business sectors made possible by advances in technology; †¢Ensuring that businesses by effectively using technology are competitive both locally and globally; †¢Ensuring that businesses have the necessary information and support to develop into new markets; †¢Enabling businesses to become more flexible and responsive to the demands of their customers and thei r staff; †¢Developing a workforce with the necessary skills that are demanded in the present and future labour market.How did you develop your project? Once you have identified a problem or issue then the next stage is to plan actions to overcome or redress these issues. This starts with the planning stage which is a critical component to the success of any project, starting with identifying the need for the project, and includes project time scales, project design, project finance, project partners and resources, project organisation and management etc. What were the key factors in achieving this and what barriers did you have to overcome to do so?Main outcomes of the project to businesses? Over the course of any project measuring its success is a necessary part of project management, reporting and measuring impact or change. What therefore were the main outcomes of the project and how were they measured? ?Increased or improved use of ICT helped to expand business activities? ?Increased or improved use of ICT resulted in the development of new services and/or products? ?ICT usage has helped to create new networks – inside and outside the company? The adoption of ICT solutions has lead to the restructuring of working and communication methods in the enterprise? ?New models of working and/new jobs emerged? ?The implementation of e-work helped to integrate people who have been excluded from â€Å"traditional† jobs in the company before? ?The business now understands better the need for staff training? ?Additional jobs and/or the maintenance of exiting ones as a result of the projects work? Lessons learnt?During the course of any project the experience of delivery often throw’s up many unforeseen issues, especially when you are dealing with technology, which are a result of internal and external factors. This then leads to lesson’s learnt which can range from better ways to manage a project through to innovative approaches to prov iding support etc. These lessons learnt are not only of value to the project staff but also for others interested in developing or currently running similar projects.

The process of economic integration

Chapter 1: The route to EMU/Euro AreaEconomic integrating – definitionBecause the Economic and Monetary Union represent a portion of the procedure of economic integrating, foremost a definition of this term needs to be cleared. Jacques Pelkmans ( 2006 ) defines economic integrating as ‘the riddance of economic frontiers between two or more economies’ , normally with the intent of accomplishing different benefits such as a greater internal efficiency. An economic frontier is referred to as ‘any limit over which existent and possible mobilities of goods, services and production factors, every bit good as communicating flows, are comparatively low.’ The procedure of economic integrating is really complex and for this ground, several phases have been distinguished, depending on the strength grade. Therefore, as the grade of economic integrating additions, the economic barriers between the states lessening and their pecuniary and financial policies become more and more co-ordinated. Balassa’s work in this concern ( 1961 ) has identified 7 phases or stairss in the economic integrating, as follows:Free-trade country ( FTA )– duties are abolished between the members, but the states do hold the right to enforce any duties against 3rd states ( non members of the country ) ;Customss brotherhood ( CU )– no duties between members and a common external duty for the 3rd states is agreed upon ;Common market ( CM )– a imposts brotherhood with free motion of production factors, viz. labour and capital ;Economic brotherhood ( EU )– a common market with a high grade of coordination of economic policies ;Monetar y brotherhood ( MU )– a common market with fixed exchange rates or with a common currency go arounding in all member provinces ;Economic and pecuniary brotherhood ( EMU )– an country uniting the characteristics of both pecuniary and economic brotherhood, with integrating developing at the same clip in both policy fields’Full economic brotherhood ( FEU )– an country affecting a complete coordination of the economic systems of the member provinces, with common policies for all of import facets ; political integrating is besides a possible deduction.Presently, the European Union is in the 6th measure, being an Economic and Monetary Union. The route to this phase will be analyzed in the undermentioned subchapter.The Economic Monetary Union in EuropeThe Economic and Monetary Union was a much coveted end of the European Union, even before the Treaty of Rome, as it was expected to offer several benefits to its Member States, such as currency stableness, augmente d international trade and overall, a safe environment that would be able to supply higher employment and growing. Nevertheless, assorted political and economic barriers prevented the accomplishment of these aims until the Maastricht Treaty was signed in 1992. Ever since, the procedure of pecuniary integrating seems to hold progressed, with the states escalating their coordination. The way towards the Economic and Monetary Union and accordingly, towards the Euro Area, distinguishes four of import stages.From the Treaty of Rome to the Werner Report ( 1957 to 1970 )The Treaty of Rome, the international understanding which led to the foundation of the European Economic Community, assumed that the currencies were traveling to stay stable, as this was the natural result of the imposts brotherhood and subsequently, of the individual market. However, it did non take to the thought of a pecuniary brotherhood, even though it does mention to pecuniary and economic coordination, stipulating demands in this concern.( what demands – articles? ) Due to currencies turbulencies, the Bretton Woods System begins neglecting in the late sixtiess. Several states, such as France or United Kingdom had to devaluate their currencies, while others, such as Germany or Switzerland were compelled to appreciate them. This brought even more instability and endangered the common agricultural policy – at that clip, the chief achievement of the European Community. In this context, the Community was eager to specify new aims for its development during the following old ages. The Barre Report of 1969 proposes increased economic and pecuniary coordination of the policies of the European Community states and in the same twelvemonth, the accomplishment of the Economic and Monetary Union is set as a formal end at a acme in The Hague. In 1970, several of Europe’s leaders led by the Prime Minister of Luxembourg, Pierre Werner, submitted a study on how the Economic and Monetary Union can be reached in a three-step procedure in 10 years’ clip. This is the alleged Werner Report, which, along these chief aims, defined besides other of import ends, such as the irreversible convertibility of currencies, free motion of capital and even a individual currency, if possible. In order for all these to be attained, the study besides required more co-ordinated economic policies, with other of import determination to be made at the Community degree, refering involvement rates and national budgetary policies. However, the Werner Plan was traveling to neglect in making all its aims in the terminal.From the Werner Report to the European Monetary System ( 1979 to 1979 )The first phase of the Werner Report implied the narrowing of the exchange-rate fluctuations, which was an experimental effort, without any committedness to the farther phases. Unfortunately, this scheme didn’t take into history the fixed exchange-rate against the dollar and this led to a failure in carry throughing the first phase of the Report. In 1971, the Bretton Woods System fails, so the Werner Report can non accomplish its ab initio set out ends. In order to mend the state of affairs, most of the Member States create a mechanism meant to pull off the fluctuations of their currencies, fundamentally cut downing them to a narrow set, called the ‘snake’ . As a consequence of oil crises, dollar failing and policy divergency, the ‘snake’ was traveling to neglect within two old ages. However, this failure did non weaken the involvement for making a currency stableness part. In 1977, the president of the European Commission, Roy Jenkins, proposed a new program for the Economic and Monetary Union, which was eventually launched in March 1979 as the European Monetary System. All states participated at that clip, with the exclusion of the British lb, which was traveling to fall in in 199, but merely for two old ages. The EMS is defined as a ‘a matter-of-fact effort to come on along the route to economic and pecuniary union’ , with the chief aims of ‘to attain a zone of internal and external pecuniary stableness in Europe ( affecting both low rising prices and stable exchange rates ) , to supply the model for improved economic policy cooperation between Member States, to assist to relieve planetary pecuniary instability through common policies vis a vis 3rd currencies.’ ( EC, 1989 ) Besides, the chief elements of the European Monetary System agreement were the followers:The European Currency Unit ( ECU )– an unreal currency based on a leaden norm of all EMS currencies ;The Exchange Rate Mechanism ( ERM )– meant to cut down the variableness in exchange rate and range pecuniary stableness, as a foundation for the debut of the individual currency ;An expansion of short and average term recognition installationsto back up the attempts of the Member States for ac complishing stableness.The Exchange Rate Mechanism served as a mean of commanding the currency fluctuations in the EMS, doing certain these are kept within +/- 2.25 % against official bilateral exchange rate, with the exclusion of the currencies of Italy, Spain, Portugal and the United Kingdom, which could fluctuate by +/- 6 % . Furthermore, an index of divergency was used as an early warning system for step ining on the market, through accommodations in several facets, such as involvement rates or financial policy.( Mention of which was the index? –one time the exchange rate of a currency reached 75 % of the maximal fluctuation border authorized, the currency was considered as ‘divergent ‘ )From the start of European Monetary System to the Maastricht Treaty ( 1979 to 1991 )In the first old ages, the European Monetary System faced a batch of currency alterations, but in the terminal, it had proved to be a success. This farther increased the necessity of finishing the individual market, which would presume extinguishing all obstructions to the free motion of goods, services, capital and people. This was traveling to be a long and dearly-won procedure, but the benefits were so deserving it. In June 1988, the Committee for the Study of Economic and Monetary Union was formed, with the intent of analyzing and suggesting phases to be fulfilled to make EMU. The Committee was comprised of all the European Community cardinal bank governors and was chaired by Jacque Delors, the President of the Commission. The study of the Committee, well-known as the Delors Report, gave a definition of EMU’s end as ‘the common direction of pecuniary and economic policies to achieve common macroeconomic goals.’ Besides, it set out three stipulations for the EMU to be established: the sum and irreversible convertibility of currencies, complete liberalisation of capital minutess and integrating of the fiscal sector and irreversible lockup of exchange rates. Furthermore, the Delors Report besides specified the three phases towards EMU, which were the followers:Phase 1 ( 1990-1994 ) :Complete the internal market and take limitations on farther fiscal integrating.Phase 2 ( 1994-1999 ) :Establish the European Monetary Institute to beef up cardinal bank co-operation and fix for the European System of Central Banks ( ESCB ) . Plan the passage to the euro. Specify the future administration of the euro country ( the Stability and Growth Pact ) . Achieve economic convergence between Member States.Phase 3 ( 1999 onwards ) :Fix concluding exchange rates and passage to the euro. Establish the ECB and ESCB with independent pecuniary policy-making. Implement adhering budgetary regulations in Member States. ( European Commission )From the Maastricht Treaty to the euro and Euro Area ( 1991 to 2002 )The Maastricht Treaty was adopted in December 1991, during the 2nd portion of the first phase towards EMU. Once it was enforced, the 2nd phase began. Most s ignificantly, the Treaty set the ‘convergence criteria’ that the Member States desiring to follow the individual currency would hold to run into. These standards, along with the alliance of national Torahs of the Member States were supposed to guarantee the readying of a state for following the individual currency. They were fundamentally a usher for bespeaking a country’ stableness and sustainability reflected in their economic and pecuniary policy convergence and in their response to economic dazes. The end was set as accomplishing Emu and the conditions for this were besides established, viz. the Maastricht standards. Therefore, the European Union could travel one measure further. The first phase was completed at the beginning of 1994, when the motion of capital markets was declared free. The 2nd phase began instantly and it ended in 1999, when the debut of the euro marked an of import milepost for the EU.With the euro being launched, a new transitional period began that was traveling to last for three old ages. Initially, since 1999, the euro circulated as biblical money. The national currencies were still in being and were the chief footing for minutess, although in the fiscal universe, the passage was about immediate, the euro being used in every operation that was cashless. Merely in 2002, the euro bills and coins replaced the national 1s, which marked an tremendous alteration affecting all sectors of the economic system. The hard currency conversion was to the full complet ed in merely two months, when the national bills and coins ceased to be.1.3. Pull offing the Economic and Monetary UnionThe Economic and Monetary Union is seen as an instrument to assist accomplishing the aims of the European Union, chiefly balanced and sustainable economic growing and a high degree of employment. Furthermore, the EMU represents a shared duty, being managed by several establishments, belonging to both the European Union and the national Member States. This direction procedure is defined as ‘economic governance’ and it involves the undermentioned histrions:i‚Â · The European Commission, in charge of economic anticipation and of supervising the conformity of the EU states with the Stability and Growth regulations ;i‚Â · The European Council, which sets the chief policy orientations, being composed of all the caputs of province or authorities from the EU states ;i‚Â · The European Parliament, whose chief responsibility is to explicate Torahs and exercising democratic inadvertence over the direction of EMU ;i‚Â · The European Central Bank ( ECB ) , which fundamentally manages the pecuniary policy in the Euro Area, by commanding rising prices through puting involvement rates and stabilising monetary values ; it is portion of the European System of Central Banks ( ESCB ) ;i‚Â · The Council of the EU, with its chief constellation ECOFIN ( Economic and Financial Affairs Council ) , which is in charge of organizing the economic policy-making and make up one's minding assorted executions in SGP, every bit good as whether a Member State is ready for following the euro ;i‚Â · The Eurogroup, which is composed of the finance curates of all Euro Area states, together organizing the common involvement policies for the Euro Area Member States ;i‚Â · National authoritiess, which are required to put their budgets within the in agreement bounds for shortages and debts and to esteem and implement the de terminations taken by the Council of the EU.This direction together with the operation undertaken by EMU purpose at back uping its chief nonsubjective through suitably designed economic and pecuniary policies. This mainly refers to three basic activities that EMU seeks to recognize: set uping a compelling pecuniary policy for the Euro Area, keeping monetary value stableness being the most of import issue, efficaciously organizing the economic policies of the Member States and doing certain the individual market is decently operated.Furthermore, the EMU brings together pecuniary policy and economic policy, designed for advancing growing and continuing the strength and the stableness of the euro. These policies are the concern of either European establishments or national 1s, or of both of them at the same clip. For illustration, the economic policy in the Euro Area is still mostly the duty of the Member States, even though the EU Treaties and the EU economic administration regulation s have strengthened and necessitate more coordination refering this facet, in order for the EU aims to be reached. The chief constructions and establishments that guarantee this coordination are ECOFIN and the European Parliament.Beginning: European CommissionIt is of import to advert that the Stability and Growth Pact is the chief usher for organizing economic policy-making in the EU. The Pact was adopted by the Council of the EU in 1999 and has been subsequently revised and strengthened in 2005 and 2011. Its chief function trades with the enforcement of financial subject in the EMU, by guaranting sound and sustainable public fundss. As a regulation, it requires the authorities debt and shortages non to excel 60 % and severally 3 % of the GDP. If a Member State exceeds these imposed bounds, so it will be necessary for it to take disciplinary action, an inordinate shortage process. In certain instances, the Euro Area Member States can besides be forced to cover with fiscal punishmen ts, which fundamentally defines the ‘corrective arm’ of the SGP.The ‘preventive arm’ of the SGP trades with avoiding the inordinate shortages processs and make financial consolidation by accomplishing the medium-term budgetary aims. These are established by each Member State in portion, taking into consideration its present economic state of affairs. However, it can non transcend 1 % of the GDP for the Euro Area states and those take parting in the ERM II. Unlike the ‘corrective arm’ , the ‘preventive’ one does non enforce countenances on the Member States that fail in run intoing the aim, but does promote the authoritiess to follow this peculiar way, as it will take to sustainable budgets.Monetary policy nevertheless, remains the chief of import portion of the EMU and accordingly, of the Euro Area. It is managed by the European Central Bank and the National Central Banks of the Euro Area Member States ( the Eurosystem ) and it fun damentally implies the procedure of act uponing both involvement and exchange rates for profiting the economic system of a state. This is the chief responsibility of the ECB – to command the supply of money and keep monetary value stableness in the country. Particularly, the ECB purposes at maintaining the monetary value rising prices below, but near to 2 % , this mark being considered ideal for advancing growing and employment.

The Jewelry, By Guy De Maupassant And O Connor - 913 Words

When contemplating whether a work of literature is worth reading, most readers look at the back cover of the book to read a short summary. Some critics look for tone and interesting plot twists, but the common reader looks for a purpose or lesson. Sure, powerful words and phrases contribute, but without the anticipation that one will gain knowledge from the story, it will be put right back on the bookshelf. Long novels with a back cover have hundreds of pages to reveal themes. However, short stories do not have nearly as much time to display a theme. In Guy de Maupassant’s The Jewelry, the main character, Lantin sees and experiences change through his life after his wife passes away. In Flannery O’Connor’s A Good Man is Hard to find, the grandmother’s actions cost an entire family’s life. Both stories contains a similar theme but in different ways. Despite their short time frames, Maupassant and O’Connor both reveal a similar didactic medium- nobody is perfect. Maupassant’s short story begins with a description of a young girl who represents the perfect woman. Her gentle nature and manners attracted all of the men in the story. However, in The Jewelry , he states that â€Å"...she got into the habit of suspending in her pretty ears two big cut pebbles, fashioned in imitation of diamonds... † (Maupassant 52). When first reading this, one would not find these as faults but instead assume that the woman is down to earth for taking such pride in false jewelry. However, when sheShow MoreRelatedA Good Man Is Hard For Find By Flannery O Connor s `` The Necklace `` And ``909 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard To Find† â€Å"The Necklace† In today s society we tend to see people live above their means. The reason why I may be picked or even chose. In the short story by author Guy De Maupassant, â€Å"The Necklace† and the story â€Å"Good Man Is Hard to Find† by Flannery O Connor is because both stories have many similarities that we can say that they are combined. The ladies show that they see themselves as important in these stories. These ladies are more concerned of theirRead MoreGuy De Maupassant s `` The Necklace `` And The Story `` Good Man Is Hard901 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard To Find† â€Å"The Necklace† In today s society we tend to see people live above their means. The reason why I may be picked or even chose. In the short story by author Guy De Maupassant, â€Å"The Necklace† and the story â€Å"Good Man Is Hard to Find† by Flannery O Connor is because both stories have many similarities that we can say that they are combined but different tragedies. The ladies show that they see themselves as important in these stories. These ladies are more concerned about